Determining structures of RNA conformers using AFM and deep neural networks.

Much of the human genome is transcribed into RNAs, many of which contain structural elements that are important for their function. Such RNA molecules-including those that are structured and well-folded-are conformationally heterogeneous and flexible, which is a prerequisite for function, but this limits the applicability of methods such as NMR, crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy for structure elucidation. Moreover, owing to the lack of a large RNA structure database, and no clear correlation between sequence and structure, approaches such as AlphaFold for protein structure prediction do not apply to RNA.

The conformational space of RNase P RNA in solution.

RNA conformational diversity has fundamental biological roles, but direct visualization of its full conformational space in solution has not been possible using traditional biophysical techniques. Using solution atomic force microscopy, a deep neural network and statistical analyses, we show that the ribonuclease P (RNase P) RNA adopts heterogeneous conformations consisting of a conformationally invariant core and highly flexible peripheral structural elements that sample a broad conformational space, with amplitudes as large as 20-60 Å in a multitude of directions, with very low net energy cost. Increasing Mg drives compaction and enhances enzymatic activity, probably by narrowing the conformational space.

Tobacco and alcohol use among lactating women and its association with child nutrition in India: findings from National Family Health Survey 2019-2021.

Objectives: Tobacco use is one of the greatest public health problems in the world. Prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use among lactating women ranged between 35.9-83.

Tobacco use and dependence among adults residing in an urbanized village, Delhi, India.

Introduction: Tobacco use is one of the most significant public health concerns globally as it is a risk factor for chronic illnesses. GATS-2 concluded that 28.6% of all adults currently use Tobacco in India and 17.

Nanochitosan from crustacean and mollusk byproduct: Extraction, characterization, and applications in the food industry.

Crustaceans and mollusks are widely consumed around the world due to their delicacy and nutritious value. During the processing, only 30-40 % of these shellfish are considered edible, while 70-60 % of portions are thrown away as waste or byproduct. These byproducts harbor valuable constituents, notably chitin.