Expression of microRNAs associated with Gleason grading system in prostate cancer: miR-182-5p is a useful marker for high grade prostate cancer.

Background: Expression profiles of some microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with clinicopathological findings in human prostate cancer (PC), but the relative expression of miRNAs among Gleason patterns (GPs) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of several known microRNAs in each GP of PC.

Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples were obtained from radical prostatectomy (RP) (patient set 1, n = 43, including (GP 3) n = 22, (GP 4) n = 35, and (GP 5) n = 12) and needle biopsy (patient set 2, n = 10, (GP 4) n = 10).

Cushing's syndrome and big IGF-II associated hypoglycaemia in a patient with adrenocortical carcinoma.

A 41-year-old woman had a general health examination and was diagnosed with a non-functioning adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Despite surgery and chemotherapy with mitotane, the ACC progressed with metastases to the lymph nodes, liver and lung. Initially, she developed adrenal insufficiency and was treated with hydrocortisone.

Topical anaesthesia for bladder biopsies and cautery: intravesical lidocaine versus caudal anaesthesia.

A total of 62 patients were randomized to receive bladder biopsy and cautery with either topical lidocaine anaesthesia or caudal anaesthesia. The patients were asked to describe the level of pain experienced during the procedure on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 5 (unbearable pain). In 29 patients receiving topical lidocaine anaesthesia, the mean value was 1.

[Clinical studies of stage D2 prostatic cancer].

Between 1981 to 1991, 126 patients were diagnosed with prostatic cancer from histological reports. Stage D2 prostatic cancer was confirmed in 38 of these cases at the time of the initial diagnosis (group alpha). Of 38 patients in group alpha, 13 had recurrence of disease after a good response to the initial treatment, 19 had no recurrence after the treatment and the other 6 patients showed no response to the initial treatment for prostatic cancer.

[Renal pelvic extravasation of urine associated with ureteral stones: report of two cases].

We report a case of spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis and a case of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation, which were associated with ureteral stones. Case 1 was in a 73-year-old man with complaint of left flank pain. Excretory urograms showed left spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis associated with left ureteral stone.