Transgenic HepaRG cells expressing CYP2D6 as an improved model of primary human hepatocytes.

CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, which are members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of metabolic enzymes, play major roles in the metabolism of commonly available drugs. CYP3A4 is involved in the metabolism of 50% of drugs on the market, whereas CYP2D6 is involved in the metabolism of 25% of them. CYP2D6 exhibits a high degree of polymorphic nature in the human population, causing individual differences in CYP2D6 expression and enzymatic activity.

A Versatile and Simple Approach to Generate Light Emission in Semiconductors Mediated by Electric Double Layers.

The light-emitting device is the primary device for current light sources. In principle, conventional light-emitting devices need heterostructures and/or intentional carrier doping to form a p-n junction. This junction formation is, however, very difficult to achieve for most emerging semiconductors, and the fabrication of light-emitting devices is invariably a significant challenge.

Genetic diversity of JC virus in the Saami and the Finns: implications for their population history.

The JC virus (JCV) genotyping method was used to gain insights into the population history of the Saami and the Finns, both speaking Finno-Ugric languages and living in close geographic proximity. Urine samples from Saami and Finns, collected in northern and southern Finland, respectively, were used to amplify a 610-bp JCV-DNA region containing abundant type-specific mutations. Based on restriction site polymorphisms in the amplified fragments, we classified JCV isolates into one of the three superclusters of JCV, type A, B, or C.

Regional distribution of two related Northeast Asian genotypes of JC virus, CY-a and -b: implications for the dispersal of Northeast Asians.

JC virus (JCV) is a useful marker to trace human dispersal. Two genotypes of JCV (MY and CY) are mainly distributed in Northeast Asia. The population history of people carrying MY has been studied in some detail but that of people carrying CY remains poorly understood.

[Clinical evaluation of rhG-CSF in patients with neutropenia induced by chemotherapy for multiple myeloma].

A randomized controlled study of patients with multiple myeloma was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF:KW-2228) in treating neutropenia induced by chemotherapy, and its influence on the dose intensity of, and response rate to, chemotherapy. As a rule, 3 courses of chemotherapy at intervals of 4 weeks were administered both to the untreated and KW-2228-treated groups. Among 98 eligible patients evaluated for neutrophil recovery, a markedly reduced duration of neutropenia was observed during each course in the KW-2228 treated group.