PNPLA6 regulates retinal homeostasis by choline through phospholipid turnover.

Although mutations in human patatin-like phospholipase PNPLA6 are associated with hereditary retinal degenerative diseases, its mechanistic action in the retina is poorly understood. Here, we uncover the molecular mechanism by which PNPLA6 dysfunction disturbs retinal homeostasis and visual function. PNPLA6, by acting as a phospholipase B, regulates choline mobilization from phosphatidylcholine and subsequent choline turnover for phosphatidylcholine regeneration in retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Review Article: Diagnostic Paradigm Shift in Spine Surgery.

Meticulous clinical examination is essential for spinal disorders to utilize the diagnostic methods and technologies that strongly support physicians and enhance clinical practice. A significant change in the approach to diagnosing spinal disorders has occurred in the last three decades, which has enhanced a more nuanced understanding of spine pathology. Traditional radiographic methods such as conventional and functional X-rays and CT scans are still the first line in the diagnosis of spinal disorders due to their low cost and accessibility.

Prediction Models of Infective Endocarditis Usable Ahead of Performing Blood Cultures: A Narrative Review.

Infective endocarditis (IE) often presents as a fever of unknown origin due to its extremely diverse clinical presentations, requiring diverse advanced medical equipment and tests to make a correct diagnosis. Whether a physician can suspect IE in a clinical setting is dependent on the physician's knowledge and experience. If IE is not suspected, antibiotics are administered without obtaining blood cultures, complicating the clinical course and prognosis.

A strain with a substantially smaller genome retains the core metabolic versatility of its genus.

are a group of phototrophic microbes with a marked metabolic versatility and flexibility that underpins their potential use in the production of value-added products, bioremediation, and plant growth promotion. Members of this group have an average genome size of about 5.5 Mb, but two closely related strains have genome sizes of about 4.

G-CSF-combined conditioning in allogeneic transplantation for non-remission acute myeloid leukemia with inv(3)(q21q26.2)/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2).

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) has a dismal prognosis and poor response to conventional chemotherapy.