Comparison of Residual Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) and Ethylene Glycol (EG) Concentration in Bovine Ovarian Tissue During Warming Steps Between Slow Freezing and Vitrification.

Background: DMSO and EG have been used as cryoprotectants for human ovarian tissue cryopreservation, but residual cryoprotectants concentration and safety have rarely been reported.

Objective: We aimed to compare residual cryoprotectants (DMSO, EG) concentration in bovine ovarian tissue during warming steps between one kind of common slow freezing method and two kinds of vitrification methods, which are usually used for cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue in Japan.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we used five bovine ovaries with an average age of 24.

Birth cohort effect of the mortality rate from congenital heart disease in Japan.

Background: The mortality rate from congenital heart disease in Japan had decreased partly because the great improvement of medical treatment and care. Therefore, the patients who would have died of congenital heart disease in younger age in the past may be alive to be adult, and the number of adults with congenital heart disease might increase. If the management of such adults did not improve, the mortality rate from congenital heart disease might increase because of the increased number.