Hemoglobin Glycation Index: A Novel Risk Factor for Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in an Apparently Healthy Population.

Context: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem. Recent literature has shown an association of hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and CKD in patients with dysglycemia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the impact of HGI as a predictor for incident CKD in the general population.

Conformational change in an engineered biliverdin-binding cyanobacteriochrome during the photoconversion process.

Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) derived from cyanobacteria are linear-tetrapyrrole-binding photoreceptors related to the canonical red/far-red reversible phytochrome photoreceptors. CBCRs contain chromophore-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase/adenylate cyclase/FhlA (GAF) domains that are highly diverse in their primary sequences and are categorized into many subfamilies. Among this repertoire, the biliverdin (BV)-binding CBCR GAF domains receive considerable attention for their in vivo optogenetic and bioimaging applications because BV is a mammalian intrinsic chromophore and can absorb far-red light that penetrates deep into the mammalian body.

Effects of N- and C-terminal regions on oligomeric formation of blue light sensor protein SyPixD.

A sensor of blue-light using flavin adenine dinucleotide (BLUF) is a typical blue light photoreceptor domain that is found in many photosensor proteins in bacteria and some eukaryotic algae. SyPixD in Synechocystis is one of the well-studied BLUF proteins. In the dark state, it forms a decamer and, upon photoexcitation, a dissociation reaction takes place to yield dimers.