Endoscopically assisted transaxillary release of the scalene muscles for thoracic outlet syndromes: a comparison with or without first rib resection.

Objectives: There are several surgical techniques for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). However, there have been no reports of endoscopically assisted transaxillary release of the anterior and middle scalene muscles (EATRS), leaving the first rib intact for TOS. We hypothesized that EATRS would achieve a good Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score.

Electronic excitation spectra of jet-cooled phenyl isocyanate, m-tolyl isocyanate, and p-phenylene diisocyanate: Assignment of the cis and trans rotational isomers.

To assign cis and trans isomers of m-tolyl isocyanate (mTI) and p-phenylene diisocyanate (pPDI) in the electronic excitation transition, we measured the time-of-flight mass-selected resonant ionization spectra of jet-cooled phenyl isocyanate (PI), mTI, and pPDI in the region of the 275 nm first ππ* absorption system. In the excitation spectra of jet-cooled mTI and pPDI, cis- and trans-rotational isomers appeared as doublets. Isomers were assigned by analyzing the methyl-group internal rotation for mTI and by applying low-frequency bending vibrations to the mutual exclusion rule between the one- and two-photon spectra for pPDI.

Midterm results of endoscopically assisted first rib resection in the zero position for thoracic outlet syndrome.

Objectives: We have hypothesized that an endoscopically assisted transaxillary approach in the zero position would be able to improve visualization and allow safe surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome.

Methods: We performed surgery only for patients with certain objective findings, including blood flow disruption, low blood flow and accelerated blood flow in the subclavian artery demonstrated using Doppler sonography, narrowing of the scalene interval width between the anterior and middle interscalene muscles (interscalene base) or costoclavicular space demonstrated using Duplex ultrasonography or computed tomography angiography. The present study included 45 consecutive patients (50 limbs) who underwent endoscopic transaxillary first rib resection with scalenotomy and brachial plexus neurolysis.

Impacts of dosing and drug withdrawal period on tacrolimus-based triple therapy in a non-human primate renal transplantation model.

Non-human primate (NHP) renal transplantation models are widely used vivo models for researching new immunosuppressive therapies including allograft tolerance strategies. To enroll animals into a tolerance study, an immunosuppressive regimen that efficiently establishes stable renal function in NHPs is needed. Here, we assessed the effect of triple therapy comprising 2.