Classification of C-Type Lectins and Recognition of Pathogens.

C-type lectins are calcium-dependent glycan-binding proteins that play key roles in the innate immune response by recognizing pathogens. Soluble C-type lectins agglutinate and neutralize pathogens, activate the complement system, and promote pathogen clearance via opsonization. Membrane-bound C-type lectins, also known as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), internalize pathogens and induce their degradation in lysosomes, presenting pathogen-derived antigens to MHC-II molecules to activate adaptive immunity.

Interleukin-27 deletion has neuroprotective effects in the acute ischemic stage of cerebral infarction.

Post-ischemic inflammation is an essential step in the progression of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cytokines such as interleukins 17 and 23 (IL-17, IL-23) have been involved in stroke. IL-27 is a member of the IL-12 family that consists of IL-27p28 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), having anti-inflammatory properties and regulating T cell polarization and cytokine production.

Evaluation of aerosol generation and cooling effects of evaporative plus convective cooling in heat stroke treatment: A simulation study.

Aim: This study aimed to experimentally verify the safety and effectiveness of evaporative plus convective cooling used in heat stroke treatment using a doll simulating a patient with heat stroke.

Methods: Evaporative plus convective cooling was simulated by blowing air through a fan (speed: approximately 1.0 or 2.

Association between dairy product intake and prevalence of dental caries in 3-year-old Japanese children.

Objectives: Epidemiologic evidence on the association between intake of milk and dairy products and dental caries is limited, particularly in Asia. This cross-sectional study examined the association between the consumption of milk and dairy products and dental caries among Japanese children aged 3 years.

Methods: The study subjects were 6221 children.

Incorporating Multimodal Directional Interpersonal Synchrony into Empathetic Response Generation.

This study investigates how interpersonal (speaker-partner) synchrony contributes to empathetic response generation in communication scenarios. To perform this investigation, we propose a model that incorporates multimodal directional (positive and negative) interpersonal synchrony, operationalized using the cosine similarity measure, into empathetic response generation. We evaluate how incorporating specific synchrony affects the generated responses at the language and empathy levels.