Numerical investigation of injection characteristics on normal saline irrigation quality in curved root canals using computational fluid dynamics.

Objectives: The primary aim of this research was to find the effects of Normal saline injection rate and position on irrigation quality in curved root canals.

Methods: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate irrigation in root canals. Root canal geometries were obtained by considering the complete shaping of a rotary file in four root groups with 0, 10, 30, and 60° of curvatures.

Clinical simulation of aortic valve: a narrative review.

Introduction: About 30 percent of the worldwide death is due to cardiovascular diseases. Clinical simulation is a promising filed that can help to understand diseases, their nature and intervention's effects. The simulated models are flexible and make it easy to study the changes' effects and help to select the appropriate interventions.