Quercetin, a natural flavonoid induced by the spider mite Tetranychus urticae or alamethicin, is involved in the defense of lima bean against spider mites.

Background: Phaseolus lunatus, commonly known as the lima bean, is a leguminous crop cultivated in various regions worldwide. It is native to tropical America and is extensively grown in both tropical and temperate climates. Lima beans are highly nutritious and versatile, serving not only as a food and vegetable, but also as a source of green manure.

Potential global distributions of an important aphid pest, Rhopalosiphum padi: insights from ensemble models with multiple variables.

Species distribution modeling is extensively used for predicting potential distributions of invasive species. However, an ensemble modeling approach has been less frequently used particularly pest species. The bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L.

The olfactory recognition between leaf-cutter bee Megachile saussurei and alfalfa floral volatiles mediated by odorant binding protein 4 (MsauOBP4).

Megachile saussurei (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) is a primary insect pollinator of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in northwestern China. However, the mechanisms underlying the olfactory responses of M.

Evaluation of Skin Color Supervision Genes in Chickpea Seeds by Multiomics.

Seed samples of two types of chickpea (Cicer arietinum Linn.), including variety A (NRCGR-4452) and variety B (local varieties), with different seed colors, were collected every five days for a total of four times during the seed development period. Non-targeted metabolome and transcriptome sequencing were conducted to identify differentially expressed genes and metabolites associated with chickpea seed coat color.

Diversity and role of volatile terpene and terpenoid pheromones in insects.

Insect pheromones are critical chemical signals that regulate intraspecific behavior and play a key role in the dynamic monitoring and control of pest populations. Historically, research on insect pheromones has primarily focused on lipid-based compounds. However, terpenes and terpenoids, which are widely occurring classes of bioactive compounds, also play significant roles in insect pheromone blends.