Gut-on-a-Chip for the Analysis of Bacteria-Bacteria Interactions in Gut Microbial Community: What Would Be Needed for Bacterial Co-Culture Study to Explore the Diet-Microbiota Relationship?

Bacterial co-culture studies using synthetic gut microbiomes have reported novel research designs to understand the underlying role of bacterial interaction in the metabolism of dietary resources and community assembly of complex microflora. Since lab-on-a-chip mimicking the gut (hereafter "gut-on-a-chip") is one of the most advanced platforms for the simulative research regarding the correlation between host health and microbiota, the co-culture of the synthetic bacterial community in gut-on-a-chip is expected to reveal the diet-microbiota relationship. This critical review analyzed recent research on bacterial co-culture with perspectives on the ecological niche of commensals, probiotics, and pathogens to categorize the experimental approaches for diet-mediated management of gut health as the compositional and/or metabolic modulation of the microbiota and the control of pathogens.

Fibrinolytic-Facilitated Chronic Subdural Hematoma Drainage-A Systematic Review.

Background: The current treatment options for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) include burr hole drainage, twist drill drainage, and craniotomy with or without postoperative catheter drainage. Although generally effective, these treatments have continued to be complicated by recurrence, especially in partially hemolyzed or septated hematomas. Recently, interest in the use of fibrinolytic agents as an adjunct to surgical treatment to address this limitation has been increasing.

Use of a Humanized Anti-CD6 Monoclonal Antibody (Itolizumab) in Elderly Patients with Moderate COVID-19.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In Cuba, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on March 11, 2020. Elderly individuals with multiple comorbidities are particularly susceptible to adverse clinical outcomes in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.