Publications by authors named "Y Kiniwa"
Cancer cells in the tumour microenvironment use various mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly T cell attack. For example, metabolic reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) impair antitumour immune responses. However, detailed mechanisms of such processes remain unclear.
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- - Acral and mucosal melanomas are more common in Asians compared to Caucasians, while cutaneous melanomas are mainly found in Caucasians; this study focuses on the genetic traits of melanomas in Japanese patients due to under-research in this area.
- - Analysis of 104 Japanese melanoma samples revealed that 94% had driver mutations, with significant mutations differing among melanoma types: BRAF was notable in cutaneous, while acral exhibited mutations in KIT and others, and mucosal showed various driver mutations like NRAS and KRAS.
- - The findings suggest a lower tumor mutational burden in East Asian cutaneous melanoma, potentially impacting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and emphasizing the necessity for personalized treatment strategies based on
Programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors are commonly used to treat various cancers, including melanoma. However, their efficacy as monotherapy is limited, and combination immunotherapies are being explored to improve outcomes. In this study, we investigated a combination immunotherapy involving an anti-PD-1 antibody that blocks the major adaptive immune-resistant mechanisms, a BRAF inhibitor that inhibits melanoma cell proliferation, and multiple primary immune-resistant mechanisms, such as cancer cell-derived immunosuppressive cytokines, and a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist that enhances innate immune responses that promote antitumor T-cell induction and functions.
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