Angiotensin-converting gene and hypoxic exercise tolerance: a randomized crossover trial.

Hypoxic training enhances endurance sports tolerance. However, individual responses vary due to physiological differences. This study investigated the relationship between genetic factors and exercise tolerance in hypoxic conditions.

Biomarkers.

Background: We currently lack in the dementia field accurate, noninvasive, quick, and affordable screening tools for brain dysfunctions associated with early subtle risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our Kentucky aging cohort demonstrates that asymptomatic older individuals with MCI-like frontal memory-related brainwave patterns convert to MCI within a short 5-year period, as opposed to individuals with NC-like patterns (1) that remain normal 10 years later (2). Astrocyte reactivity influences amyloid-β effects on tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (3).

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are the predominant types of dementia in older adults, associated with memory loss and cognitive deficits. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are linked to both AD and VCID. Astrocytes play a crucial role in WM integrity, encompassing functions like neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and Aβ clearance.

Developing Topics.

Background: Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is highly heritable. Recent research suggested that population-specific LOAD genetic risks may exist. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; a measure of global cognitive function) has been commonly used to monitor AD-related cognitive changes.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of people living with dementia (BPSD) are considered to reflect the person's quality of life and are also risk factors for increased burden on caregivers. Although symptoms of BPSD are known to be diverse and variable, it is unclear whether they show similar longitudinal patterns in different countries. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the trajectory patterns in BPSD and related factors using data from Japan and the US and compare the results of the two countries.