N-terminal domain influences steroid activation of the Atlantic sea lamprey corticoid receptor.

Lampreys are jawless fish that evolved about 550 million years ago at the base of the vertebrate line. Modern lampreys contain a corticoid receptor (CR), the common ancestor of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which first appear in cartilaginous fish, such as sharks. Until recently, 344 amino acids at the amino terminus of adult lamprey CR were not present in the lamprey CR sequence in GenBank.

Identification and characterization of Pseudozyma antarctica Δ12 fatty acid desaturase and its utilization for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Fatty acid desaturases, especially Δ12 fatty acid desaturases, are key enzymes for the production of unsaturated fatty acids in oleaginous yeasts. In this study, we identified and characterized a gene encoding Δ12 fatty acid desaturase of Pseudozyma antarctica named PaFAD2. Almost all oleic acid (C18:1) was converted to linoleic acid by the heterologous expression of the PaFAD2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lipomyces starkeyi oleaginous yeast.

Identification and characterization of two fatty acid elongases in Lipomyces starkeyi.

The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is a potential cost-effective source for the production of microbial lipids. Fatty acid elongases have vital roles in the syntheses of long-chain fatty acids. In this study, two genes encoding fatty acid elongases of L.

Identification and characterization of Δ12 and Δ12/Δ15 bifunctional fatty acid desaturases in the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi.

Fatty acid desaturases play vital roles in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, Δ12 and Δ12/Δ15 fatty acid desaturases of the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi, termed LsFad2 and LsFad3, respectively, were identified and characterized. Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing LsFAD2 converted oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2), while a strain of LsFAD3-expressing S.

High-efficiency extracellular release of free fatty acids from Aspergillus oryzae using non-ionic surfactants.

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are useful for generating biofuel compounds and functional lipids. Microbes are increasingly exploited to produce FFAs via metabolic engineering. However, in many microorganisms, FFAs accumulate in the cytosol, and disrupting cells to extract them is energy intensive.