Nonequilibrium Self-Assembly of Microtubules Through Stepwise Sequential Interactions of DNA.

The assembly of biological systems forms nonequilibrium patterns with different functionalities through molecular-level communication via stepwise sequential interaction and activation. The mimicking of this molecular signaling offers extensive opportunities to design self-assemblies of bioinspired synthetic nonequilibrium systems to develop molecular robots with active, adaptive, and autonomous behavior. Herein, the design and construction of biomolecular motor system, microtubule (MT)-kinesin based molecular swarm system, are reported through stepwise sequential interactions of DNA.

Metabolic Analysis of Three-Dimensional Cultured Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells Suggests that l-Arginine Inhibits Tumor Growth by Affecting the Urea Cycle.

Introduction: There is evidence for the anticancer effects of l-arginine (arginine); however, the direct effects on cancer cells and mechanism of action are unclear.

Methods: Various upper gastrointestinal cancer cells (OE19, OE33, MKN1, MKN45, MKN74, and AGS) were divided into arginine-treated and -untreated groups and cultured using two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems. Proliferation was evaluated using the MTT assay to identify arginine-sensitive (OE33) and arginine-insensitive (OE19) strains.

Three-Dimensional Culture of Glioblastoma Cells Using a Tissueoid Cell Culture System.

In classical cell culture techniques, cancer cells typically proliferate in a single layer by adhering to the undersurface of laboratory vessels. Consequently, concerns have been raised regarding the fidelity of the morphological and functional characteristics of these cultured cancer cells compared to those of their counterparts. Our previous studies have investigated various epithelial malignant tumors utilizing the Tissueoid cell culture system, a three-dimensional (3D) cultivation method employing Cellbed-a nonwoven sheet composed of high-purity silica fibers as a scaffold.

Pupil-sparing isolated inferior rectus paresis due to compression of the oculomotor nerve by the posterior cerebral artery.

Direct compression of the oculomotor nerve (OcN) is usually accompanied by OcN palsy (OcNP), with an abnormal pupillary function. We herein present the case of a 76-year-old man with pupil-sparing paresis of the right inferior rectus muscle. A radiological examination revealed an epidermoid cyst at the right cerebellopontine angle, which came in contact with the right oculomotor nerve.

A Multi-aperture Coaxial Projector Balancing Shadow Suppression and Deblurring.

This paper proposes a projection system that optically removes the cast shadow in projection mapping. Specifically, we realize the large-aperture (LA) projection using a large-format Fresnel lens to suppress cast shadows by condensing the projection light from a wide viewing angle. However, the resolution and contrast of the projected results are significantly degraded by defocus blur, veiling glare, and stray light caused by the aberration of an LA Fresnel lens.