Registered report: Age-preserved semantic memory and the CRUNCH effect manifested as differential semantic control networks: An fMRI study.

Semantic memory representations are generally well maintained in aging, whereas semantic control is thought to be more affected. To explain this phenomenon, this study tested the predictions of the Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH), focusing on task demands in aging as a possible framework. The CRUNCH effect would manifest itself in semantic tasks through a compensatory increase in neural activation in semantic control network regions but only up to a certain threshold of task demands.

Multifactorial approaches to study bilingualism in the aging population: Past, present, future.

A better understanding and more reliable classification of bilinguals has been progressively achieved through the fine-tuning methodology and simultaneously optimizing the measurement tools. However, the current understanding is far from generalization to a larger population varying in different measures of bilingualism-L2 Age of acquisition (L2 AOA), L2 usage and exposure, and L2 proficiency. More recent studies have highlighted the importance of modeling bilingualism as a continuous variable.

Age, multimorbidity and dementia with health care costs in older people in Alberta: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: The growing burden associated with population aging, dementia and multimorbidity poses potential challenges for the sustainability of health systems worldwide. We sought to examine how the intersection among age, dementia and greater multimorbidity is associated with health care costs.

Methods: We did a retrospective population-based cohort study in Alberta, Canada, with adults aged 65 years and older between April 2003 and March 2017.

Functional network and structural connections involved in picture naming.

We mapped the left hemisphere cortical regions and fiber bundles involved in picture naming in adults by integrating task-based fMRI with dMRI tractography. We showed that a ventral pathway that "maps image and sound to meaning" involves the middle occipital, inferior temporal, superior temporal, inferior frontal gyri, and the temporal pole where a signal exchange is made possible by the inferior fronto-occipital, inferior longitudinal, middle longitudinal, uncinate fasciculi, and the extreme capsule. A dorsal pathway that "maps sound to speech" implicates the inferior temporal, superior temporal, inferior frontal, precentral gyri, and the supplementary motor area where the arcuate fasciculus and the frontal aslant ensure intercommunication.

Reducing the Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: WHO Recommendations.

With population ageing worldwide, dementia poses one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century. In 2019, around 55 million people were affected by dementia, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. Dementia leads to increased costs for governments, communities, families and individuals.