ActRII or BMPR ligands inhibit skeletal myoblast differentiation, and BMPs promote heterotopic ossification in skeletal muscles in mice.

Background: Prior studies suggested that canonical Activin Receptor II (ActRII) and BMP receptor (BMPR) ligands can have opposing, distinct effects on skeletal muscle depending in part on differential downstream SMAD activation. It was therefore of interest to test ActRII ligands versus BMP ligands in settings of muscle differentiation and in vivo.

Methods And Results: In human skeletal muscle cells, both ActRII ligands and BMP ligands inhibited myogenic differentiation: ActRII ligands in a SMAD2/3-dependent manner, and BMP ligands via SMAD1/5.

Oral side effects of fluoxetine in patients with depressive disorder: A systematic review.

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are currently the preferred drugs for treating depression, a condition that has become more prevalent in recent years. Fluoxetine is one of the most widely used, but, like other antidepressants, it can cause several systemic and oral adverse effects. This systematic review aimed to analyze the frequency of oral adverse effects of fluoxetine in comparison to other antidepressants.

High Body Mass Index is Associated with Lower Adalimumab Serum Levels and Higher Disease Activity in Noninfectious Uveitis.

Purpose: Adalimumab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, is the only FDA-approved biologic for non-infectious uveitis (NIU). However, treatment responses vary, potentially due to interindividual pharmacokinetic differences influenced by body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of BMI on adalimumab serum trough levels and therapeutic efficacy in patients with NIU.

Separation of metals using formation of DES-DES biphasic systems.

A biphasic system composed of two deep eutectic solvents (DES) sharing a common hydrogen-bond donor exhibits a tuneable phase behavior and efficient metal partitioning, yielding an improved separation selectivity of trivalent from divalent metal ions compared to the equivalent aqueous system.