Improvement of ethanol fermentation under hyperbaric conditions.

Recently more and more interest is manifested in the utilization of high-pressure extraction using supercritical gases for the purification of products in biochemical processes. Some researchers have examined the possibility of circulating continuously a supercritical gas through the fermentor, under hyperbaric pressure, to recover the desired product while the fermentation is taking place. However, an earlier study has demonstrated that fermentation with baker's yeast was inhibited by a long exposure under hyperbaric pressure.

Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of cyclic imides.

A series of dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-3,5(2H,6H)-diones were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to reverse electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induced amnesia in mice. Among the structure-activity relationships explored were the effects of ring size, the presence of heteroatoms (sulfur) in the ring system, and the introduction of alkyl substituents. The optimal ring size for the bicyclic system was 5.

Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides, including pramiracetam.

A series of N-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-2-oxo-1- pyrrolidineacetamides was synthesized. The title compounds reversed electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induced amnesia in mice when administered subsequent to the ECS treatment and were inactive in a general observational test for central nervous system (CNS) activity. Active compounds exhibited an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve.