Incidence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and numbers needed to screen: a systematic review.

Aim: To investigate the incidence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: In most countries, yearly or biennial screening intervals for diabetic retinopathy in people with Type 2 diabetes are recommended. Fewer screening sessions reduce the effort required of people with Type 2 diabetes and reduce healthcare costs.

Diabetic retinopathy screening in patients with diabetes mellitus in primary care: Incentives and barriers to screening attendance.

Aim: Although diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening is a basic component of diabetes care, uptake of screening programs is less than optimal. Because attendance rates and reasons for non-attendance in an unselected diabetes population are unknown, this study examines incentives and barriers to attend DR-screening.

Method: Four focus groups provided patient-related themes concerning individual decision-making regarding attendance at DR-screening.

Effects of low doses of casein hydrolysate on post-challenge glucose and insulin levels.

Background: Ingestion of high doses of casein hydrolysate stimulates insulin secretion in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. The effects of low doses have not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lower doses of a casein hydrolysate on the glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 or hypertension in general practice.

Background: The prevalence and severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in primary care patients with diabetes or hypertension is unknown.

Aim: To assess the prevalence and severity of CKD in patients with diabetes and hypertension; and identify whether age, sex, diabetes, and hypertension are associated with CKD.

Design Of Study: Cross-sectional survey.

Cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasonography versus Bishop score to predict successful labour induction in term pregnancies.

Objectives: To compare the value of transvaginal ultrasonographic measurement of the cervical length versus the Bishop score, prior to induction of labour, in predicting the mode of delivery within four days.

Materials And Methods: This longitudinal study included 110 women (at term, singleton, vertex presentation) in whom induction of labour was performed at 37-42 weeks of gestation. Cervical length on transvaginal ultrasound and the Bishop score were assessed prior to induction according to standard protocol.