Association of lung function with visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle mass considering myosteatosis.

Background: Changes in body composition, including loss of muscle mass and obesity, adversely affect lung function.

Research Question: What is the relationship between lung function, visceral adiposity, and skeletal muscle mass, considering myosteatosis measured using computed tomography (CT) scans in middle-aged Korean adults?

Study Design And Methods: We reviewed 15,827 participants (9237 men and 6590 women), with a mean age of 52.5 ± 8.

Biomarkers.

Background: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) permits characterizing differences in white matter microstructure associated with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). However, most dMRI measures aggregate signals across multiple axonal fiber populations with varying spatial orientations, which limits the sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnosis. To overcome this shortcoming, we estimated fiber density (FD) measures, independently from crossing fiber populations, and extracellular cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).

Biomarkers.

Background: Phase four of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI4) began in 2023. This time-period corresponded to MRI vendors introducing product sequences with compressed sensing (CS), cross-vendor adoption of arterial spin-labelling (ASL) and multi-band slice excitation, and hardware improvements (head-coils, increased gradient amplitudes). These advances enabled the acquisition of new imaging measures and reduced scan times.

Integrating Aerogel into van der Waals Crystals for a High-Strength Thermal Insulator.

Achieving low thermal conductivity and high mechanical strength presents a material design challenge due to intrinsic trade-offs, such as the aerogel's porosity, impeding applications in construction, industry, and aerospace. This study presents a composite that incorporates a silica aerogel within a thermally expanded 2D layered vermiculite matrix. This design overcomes limitations imposed by van der Waals bonding lengths, typically less than 10 Å, which hinder aerogel integration with van der Waals crystals.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Phase four of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI4) began in 2023. This time-period corresponded to MRI vendors introducing product sequences with compressed sensing (CS), cross-vendor adoption of arterial spin-labelling (ASL) and multi-band slice excitation, and hardware improvements (head-coils, increased gradient amplitudes). These advances enabled the acquisition of new imaging measures and reduced scan times.