Antimicrobial efficacy of different concentration of sodium hypochlorite on the biofilm of at different stages of development.

Background: Persistent infection of the root canal due to the presence of resistance bacterial species, such as , has always been one of the most important reasons for endodontic treatment failure. This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of 1%, 2.5 % and 5% sodium hypochlorite in eliminating biofilms at different stages of development.

Review the number of accidents in Tehran over a two-year period and prediction of the number of events based on a time-series model.

Background: One of the significant dangers that threaten people's lives is the increased risk of accidents. Annually, more than 1.3 million people die around the world as a result of accidents, and it has been estimated that approximately 300 deaths occur daily due to traffic accidents in the world with more than 50% of that number being people who were not even passengers in the cars.

Assessment of patient safety culture among personnel in the hospitals associated with Islamic Azad University in Tehran in 2013.

Background: Patient safety is an essential element in the quality of healthcare, and a clear knowledge of its culture in healthcare organizations will lead to both improved healthcare and patient safety. The aim of this study was to assess the patient safety culture at Islamic Azad University hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2013.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on clinical and diagnostic staff in all Islamic Azad University hospitals in Tehran in June 2013.

Sequencing of the ddl gene and modeling of the mutated D-alanine:D-alanine ligase in glycopeptide-dependent strains of Enterococcus faecium.

Glycopeptide dependence for growth in enterococci results from mutations in the ddl gene that inactivate the host D-Ala:D-Ala ligase. The strains require glycopeptides as inducers for synthesis of resistance proteins, which allows for the production of peptidoglycan precursors ending in D-Ala-D-Lac instead of D-Ala-D-Ala. The sequences of the ddl gene from nine glycopeptide-dependent Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates were determined.

Acquired and intrinsic glycopeptide resistance in enterococci.

Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci responsible for severe human infections, such as endocarditis, meningitis, and septicemia and constitute an increasingly frequent cause of nosocomial infections. Enterococci are resistant to nearly all classes of drugs including, since 1986, glycopeptides. Vancomycin and teicoplanin act by blocking cell wall formation and resistance is due to synthesis of modified late peptidoglycan precursors.