Collagenase Administration into Periodontal Ligament Reduces the Forces Required for Tooth Extraction in an Ex situ Porcine Jaw Model.

Minimally invasive exodontia is among the long-sought-for development aims of safe dental medicine. In this paper, we aim, for the first time, to examine whether the enzymatic disruption of the periodontal ligament fibers reduces the force required for tooth extraction. To this end, recombinantly expressed clostridial collagenase G variant purified from Escherichia coli was injected into the periodontal ligament of mesial and distal roots of the first and second split porcine mandibular premolars.

The prevalence of posterior crossbite, deep bite, and sleep or awake bruxism in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients compared to a non-TMD population: A retrospective study.

: To assess the prevalence of posterior crossbite and/or deep bite among patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) compared to a non-TMD population.: Four hundred ninety-four patients were enrolled: 345 with TMD according to the diagnostic criteria for TMD and 149 without TMD (control group). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.

Intraspecific variation in defense against a generalist lepidopteran herbivore in populations of Eruca sativa (Mill.).

Populations of Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae) from desert and Mediterranean (Med) habitats in Israel differ in their defense against larvae of the generalist Spodoptera littoralis but not the specialist Pieris brassicae. Larvae of the generalist insect feeding on plants of the Med population gained significantly less weight than those feeding on the desert plants, and exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on leaves of the Med plants significantly reduced the level of damage created by the generalist larvae. However, MJ treatment significantly induced resistance in plants of the desert population, whereas the generalist larvae caused similar damage to MJ-induced and noninduced plants.

The Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) V2 protein inhibits enzymatic activity of the host papain-like cysteine protease CYP1.

The viral V2 protein is one of the key factors that Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV), a major tomato pathogen worldwide, utilizes to combat the host defense. Besides suppressing the plant RNA silencing defense by targeting the host SGS3 component of the silencing machinery, V2 also interacts with the host CYP1 protein, a papain-like cysteine protease likely involved in hypersensitive response reactions. The biological effects of the V2-CYP1 interaction, however, remain unknown.

TYLCV-Is movement in planta does not require V2 protein.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a major tomato pathogen causing extensive crop losses, is a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus. V2 mutants of TYLCV-Is and related viruses tend to induce symptomless infection with attenuated viral DNA levels, while accumulating close to wild-type DNA levels in protoplasts, suggesting V2 as a movement protein. The discovery of plant-silencing mechanisms and viral silencing suppressors, V2 included, led us to reconsider V2׳s involvement in viral movement.