Insights into Electrochemical CO Reduction on Metallic and Oxidized Tin Using Grand-Canonical DFT and In Situ ATR-SEIRA Spectroscopy.

Electrochemical CO reduction (COR) to formate is an attractive carbon emissions mitigation strategy due to the existing market and attractive price for formic acid. Tin is an effective electrocatalyst for COR to formate, but the underlying reaction mechanism and whether the active phase of tin is metallic or oxidized during reduction is openly debated. In this report, we used grand-canonical density functional theory and attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy to identify differences in the vibrational signatures of surface species during COR on fully metallic and oxidized tin surfaces.

Layered Sn-Au Thin Films for Increased Electrochemical ATR-SEIRAS Enhancement.

electrochemical attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (EC ATR-SEIRAS) is a valuable method for a fundamental understanding of electrochemical interfaces under real operating conditions. The applicability of this method depends on the ability to tune the optical and catalytic properties of an electrode film, and it thus requires unique optimization for any given material. Motivated by the growing interest in Sn-based electrocatalysts for selective reduction of CO to formate species, we investigate several Sn thin-film synthesis routes for the resulting SEIRA signal response.

An Assessment of the Completeness and Timeliness of the Israel National Cancer Registry.

Background: The Israel National Cancer Registry (INCR) was established in 1960. Reporting has been mandatory since 1982. All neoplasms of uncertain/unknown behavior, in situ and invasive malignancies (excluding basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin), and benign neoplasms of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) are reportable.

Gastrostomy Tube Weaning and Treatment of Severe Selective Eating in Childhood: Experience in Israel Using an Intensive Three Week Program.

Background: Children dependent on gastrostomy tube feeding and those with extremely selective eating comprise the most challenging groups of early childhood eating disorders. We established, for the first time in Israel, a 3 week intensive weaning and treatment program for these patients based on the "Graz model."

Objectives: To investigate the Graz model for tube weaning and for treating severe selective eating disorders in one center in Israel.

Breast cancer trends in Israeli Jewish and Arab women, 1996-2007.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in Israeli Jewish and Arab women. The main objective of this study was to reexamine the trends in breast cancer incidence, mortality, and survival in Israel in 1996 through 2007, as well as the use of mammography. Data were obtained from the Israel National Cancer Registry, the Central Bureau of Statistics, and National Health Surveys.