Etiology and efficacy of anti-microbial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in adults requiring hospital admission in Ukraine.

Background And Aim: Empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains the standard care and guidelines are mostly based on published data from the United States or Europe. In this study, we determined the bacterial etiology of CAP and evaluated the clinical outcomes under antimicrobial treatment of CAP in Ukraine.

Methods: A total of 98 adult subjects with CAP and PORT risk II-IV were recruited for the study.

Effectiveness of inhaled hypertonic saline application for sputum induction to improve Mycobacterium tuberculosis identification in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: This study assessed the effectiveness and diagnostic significance of hypertonic saline sputum induction for improving Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) detection.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, open, two-arm, comparative study on MTB identification effectiveness when using inhaled sodium chloride hypertonic solution was performed in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: group 1 (inhalation group) included patients who inhaled a 7% sodium chloride solution upon admission to the hospital, and group 2 (control group) coughed up their sputum as usual.

Association between body mass index and patient-reported-outcome questionnaire scores (CAT™, ACT™, mMRC dyspnoea scale, IPAQ) in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan: results of the CORE study.

Background: The overweight/obese population (evaluated by a body mass index, BMI) represents a global health problem and contributes to the development of various chronic diseases. In this epidemiological study we evaluated this relationship by analyzing patient-reported questionnaires related to respiratory function, physical activity and BMI.

Methods: In 2013-2015, adult residents of selected cities were enrolled to this study in: Ukraine (M/F: 403/561), Kazakhstan (M/F = 348/597) and Azerbaijan (M/F: 389/544).

Effectiveness of Intravenous Isoniazid and Ethambutol Administration in Patients with Tuberculosis Meningoencephalitis and HIV Infection.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intravenous isoniazid (H) and ethambutol (E) administered in patients with new sputum positive drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TM) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in the intensive phase of treatment.

Methods: Fifty-four patients with TB/TM and HIV co-infection were enrolled for this study. Group 1 comprised of 23 patients treated with E and H intravenously, while rifampicin and pyrazinamide were prescribed orally.