Xin-yi-san contains potent human CYP1A2 inhibitors and its combined use with theophylline in treatment increases adverse risks in patients.

Background: The Xin-yi-san herbal decoction (XYS) is commonly used to treat patients with allergic rhinitis in Taiwan. Theophylline is primarily oxidized with high affinity by human cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2, and has a narrow therapeutic index.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of human CYP1A2-catalyzed theophylline oxidation (THO) by XYS and its adverse effects in patients.

Identification of the perpetrator imperatorin in Xin-yi-san-theophylline interaction: observed and predicted herb-drug interaction in rats.

Objectives: Theophylline is a bronchodilator with a narrow therapeutic index and primarily metabolised by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2. Xin-yi-san (XYS) is a herbal formula frequently used to ameliorate nasal inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of XYS and its ingredient, imperatorin, on theophylline pharmacokinetics in rats.

Metabolism-involved drug interactions with traditional Chinese medicines in cardiovascular diseases.

Herbal medicines have been widely used for the past millennia. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a major modality in Chinese medical care and has garnered global attention owing to its pharmacological effects and multi-targeted actions. The increased incidence of sequential or concurrent use of herbs and drugs in patients forces us to consider herb-drug interactions (HDIs) in this modern era.

Sub-toxic events induced by truck speed-facilitated PM and its counteraction by epigallocatechin-3-gallate in A549 human lung cells.

To distinguish the influences of fuel type and truck speed on chemical composition and sub-toxic effects of particulates (PM) from engine emissions, biomarkers-interleukin-6 (IL-6), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)-1-were studied in A549 human lung cells. Fuel type and truck speed preferentially affected the quantity and ion/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) composition of PM, respectively. Under idling operation, phenanthrene was the most abundant PAH.

Effect of repeated Shengmai-San administration on nifedipine pharmacokinetics and the risk/benefit under co-treatment.

Herbal interactions with nifedipine/felodipine through cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibition is significant in humans. Shengmai-San (SMS), a three-herbal formula of Chinese medicine, is commonly prescribed in Asia populations for cardiovascular disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of SMS on nifedipine/felodipine treatment by the findings from rat pharmacokinetic study of nifedipine to the retrospective cohort study of patients with hypertension.