Bone density benefits with periodic fluid redistribution during diminished muscular activity in humans.

Objective: Bone loss is an established reaction to diminished muscular activity (Hypokinesia; HK). It has been assumed that periodic fluid redistribution (PFR) could contribute to vascular volume. The fluid volume expansion would then increase tissue perfusion.

Potential benefits of potassium deposition with periodic fluid redistribution using periodic head down tilt during diminished muscular activity.

Objective: Fluid redistribution (FR) is an important cornerstone in treating diseases. Findings of FR with periodic head down tilt (PHDT) had sparked renewed interest in treating electrolyte disturbances. Therefore this study aimed to determine the potential benefits of potassium (K+) deposition with periodic FR by PHDT during diminished muscular activity (hypokinesia; HK).

Chronic periodic fluid redistribution effect on muscle calcium in healthy subjects during prolonged hypokinesia.

Studies have shown that chronic periodic fluid shifting upwards is not sensed as excessive fluid volume and excretion mechanisms are not activated. To determine if chronic periodic fluid and volume shifting upwards can affect muscle calcium (Ca(2+)) during hypokinesia (HK) we measured muscle Ca(2+) content, plasma Ca(2+) concentration, and Ca(2+) losses in urine and feces. Studies were conducted on 40 healthy male volunteers.

Muscle potassium and potassium losses during hypokinesia in healthy subjects.

Hypokinesia (HK) induces electrolyte losses in electrolyte-deficient tissue, yet the mechanisms of electrolyte losses in electrolyte-deficient tissue remain unknown. Mechanisms of electrolyte deposition could be involved. To determine the effect of prolonged HK on potassium (K+) deposition were measured muscle K+ content and K+ losses.

Utilization of magnesium during hypokinesia and magnesium supplementation in healthy subjects.

Objective: The incompleteness of electrolyte utilization during hypokinesia and electrolyte supplementation is the defining factor of electrolyte metabolic changes, yet the effect of electrolyte supplementation and HK upon electrolyte utilization is poorly understood. To determine the influence of magnesium (Mg(2+)) supplementation and hypokinesia (diminished movement) on magnesium utilization, we investigated the use of Mg(2+) supplementation to establish its effect upon muscle Mg(2+) content and Mg2(2+) losses.

Methods: This study was conducted in 40 physically healthy male volunteers during a pre-experimental period of 30 d and an experimental period of 364 d.