The mechanism of action of indole-3-propionic acid on bone metabolism.

Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a metabolite produced by gut microbiota through tryptophan metabolism, has recently been identified as playing a pivotal role in bone metabolism. IPA promotes osteoblast differentiation by upregulating mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), contributing to increased bone density and supporting bone repair. Simultaneously, it inhibits the formation and activity of osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption, possibly through modulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and downregulation of osteoclast-associated factors, thereby maintaining bone structural integrity.

Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Axitinib Combined with Sintilimab as Second-Line Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Targeted therapies, including axitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, and sintilimab, a programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor, have shown promise in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although their individual efficacies have been demonstrated, the potential synergistic effects of combining these two agents are still being explored.

Methods: This study retrospectively analysed patients with advanced RCC admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023.

Neuroprotective effects of baicalin and baicalein on the central nervous system and the underlying mechanisms.

Baicalin and baicalein are the primary flavonoids derived from the desiccated root of , which is a member of the Lamiaceae family; these flavonoids have diverse pharmacological properties and show significant potential for the management of central nervous system disorders. Multiple studies have indicated that these substances effectively reduce the severity of illnesses such as depression, stroke, and degenerative disorders of the central nervous system by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, regulating programmed cell death, and reducing mitochondrial malfunction. Recent studies have highlighted the connection between the accumulation of iron and the ability of baicalein to protect the nervous system.

Sensitive non-enzymatic sensing of creatinine in urine using a novel paper-based electroanalytical device.

Accurate analysis of urinary creatinine levels is of great clinical significance. Non-enzymatic creatinine sensing systems (NECSs) have gained growing development because of higher stability and lower cost compared to enzymatic sensing systems. At present, there is a demand for simple approaches to develop NECSs with high sensitivity.

A ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on molecular imprinting technology for rapid and visual detection of norfloxacin.

The problem of excessive use and abuse of antibiotics in the environment and food biology is becoming increasingly prominent, and norfloxacin (NOR) is widely used as an inexpensive and broad-spectrum antibiotic drug. Therefore, rapid and effective detection of antibiotics and residues in biological samples has become a demand of the times. This article describes a ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on molecular imprinting technology for the rapid and visual detection of NOR.