Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer in Humans: A Review of Recent Studies.

The tumor microenvironment has recently been well-studied in various gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract, is one of the microenvironments associated with colon carcinogenesis. It has been challenging to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to carcinogenesis and cancer progression due to complex interactions with the host, including its metabolites and immune and inflammatory responses.

Current Status and Prospects of Regional Collaborative Pathways for Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Japan - A Nationwide Survey.

Background: Comprehensive management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requires seamless treatment across institutions, including intensive care centers and local clinics. However, maintaining guideline-directed medical therapy remains challenging. One promising option to improve the situation may be the implementation of regional collaborative clinical pathways.

Xanomeline-Trospium for Adults with Schizophrenia Experiencing Acute Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Safety and Tolerability Outcomes.

The United States Food and Drug Administration approved the xanomeline-trospium combination in September 2024 for treating schizophrenia, based in part on three double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials in adults with schizophrenia experiencing acute psychosis. This random-effects model pairwise meta-analysis of those three trials found that xanomeline-trospium was comparable to placebo in terms of all-cause discontinuation, discontinuation rate due to adverse events, Simpson-Angus Scale score change, Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale score change, body weight change, body mass index change, blood pressure change, serum total cholesterol change, blood glucose change, QTc interval changes, and the incidence of headache, somnolence, insomnia, dizziness, akathisia, agitation, tachycardia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diarrhea, increased weight, and decreased appetite. However, xanomeline-trospium was associated with a higher incidence of at least one adverse event, dry mouth, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and constipation, and increased serum triglyceride compared with placebo.

CVIT 2025 clinical expert consensus document on intravascular ultrasound.

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides precise anatomic information in coronary arteries including quantitative measurements and morphological assessment. To standardize the IVUS analysis in the current era, this updated expert consensus document summarizes the methods of measurements and assessment of IVUS images and the clinical evidence of IVUS use in percutaneous coronary intervention.

Histological Type-Specific Behavior in Sarcomas: Analysis of Head and Neck Cancer Registry of Japan.

Objective: The goal of this study was to better understand the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of head and neck sarcomas using real-world data from Japan.

Methods: Using the Japanese Head and Neck Cancer Registry, we identified 438 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with head and neck sarcoma between 2011 and 2020. We compared epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic data for the different histological types of sarcoma.