A 2024 Update on US FDA Implementation of Partial Area Under the Curve Into Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Assessments.

Comparisons of maximum drug concentration (C) and total area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) may be inadequate for bioavailability (BA)/bioequivalence (BE) assessments in cases where the shape of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of a drug impacts the clinical performance. In such cases, partial area under the concentration vs.

Photoredox-Enabled Direct and Three-Component Difluoroalkylative Modification of -Aryl Glycinates.

A Cu(I) photoredox-enabled reaction that selectively incorporates a difluoroalkyl group into -aryl glycine derivatives has been established. Using a bench-stable [PhPCFH]Br salt, the -CFH group could be installed either directly on the α-carbon of the glycine backbone or in a three-component fashion using an alkene as a bridge. A series of glycine derivatives have been evaluated, providing access to diverse unnatural amino esters and dipeptides with a -CHF unit.

Dynamic hydrogen-bonding enables high-performance and mechanically robust organic solar cells processed with non-halogenated solvent.

Developing active-layer systems with both high performance and mechanical robustness is a crucial step towards achieving future commercialization of flexible and stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we design and synthesize a series of acceptors BTA-C6, BTA-E3, BTA-E6, and BTA-E9, featuring the side chains of hexyl, and 3, 6, and 9 carbon-chain with ethyl ester end groups respectively. Benefiting from suitable phase separation and vertical phase distribution, the PM6:BTA-E3-based OSCs processed by o-xylene exhibit lower energy loss and improved charge transport characteristic and achieve a power conversion efficiency of 19.