Maxilla of Siamopithecus eocaenus (Anthropoidea, Primates) from the Paleogene of Krabi, Thailand, and its taxonomic status.

Detailed descriptions of the maxillae of Siamopithecus eocaenus, discovered from the latest Eocene/earliest Oligocene lignite mine in the Krabi basin of Peninsular Thailand, are presented. They include the morphology of P-M, the palate, a partial orbital region, and the zygomatic root. The specimen exhibits distinctive dental features including a single-rooted P alveolus, a protocone on the P and P, and a true hypocone on the upper molars, indicating its derived anthropoid dentition.

Early anthropoid primates: New data and new questions.

Although the evolutionary history of anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans) appears relatively well-documented, there is limited data available regarding their origins and early evolution. We review and discuss here the earliest records of anthropoid primates from Asia, Africa, and South America. New fossils provide strong support for the Asian origin of anthropoid primates.

A new large pantherine and a sabre-toothed cat (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) from the late Miocene hominoid-bearing Khorat sand pits, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand.

We describe two large predators from the hominoid-bearing Khorat sand pits, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand: a new genus of pantherine, Pachypanthera n. gen., represented by partial mandible and maxilla and an indeterminate sabre-toothed cat, represented by a fragment of upper canine.

An extinct deep-snouted Alligator species from the Quaternary of Thailand and comments on the evolution of crushing dentition in alligatorids.

Fossil Alligator remains from Asia are critical for tracing the enigmatic evolutionary origin of the Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis, the only living representative of Alligatoridae outside the New World. The Asian fossil record is extremely scarce and it remains unknown whether A. sinensis is an anagenetic lineage or alternatively, extinct divergent species were once present.

Evolutionary ecology of Miocene hominoid primates in Southeast Asia.

The evolutionary history and palaeoecology of orangutans remains poorly understood until today. The restricted geographic distribution of extant Pongo indicates specific ecological needs. However, it is not clear whether these needs were shared by the great diversity of fossil pongines known from the Miocene to the Pleistocene.