Stannous fluoride forms aggregates between outer and inner membranes leading to membrane rupture of and .

Objective: Stannous has been shown to bind to free lipopolysaccharides, thus preventing them from binding to TLR receptors. This study was undertaken to determine the histomorphological mechanism of stannous binding to anaerobic bacteria.

Methods: Two bacteria associated with gingivitis and advanced periodontal disease, () and , were cultured in 25-1,000 μM of stannous fluoride and stannous chloride for 48 h.

Relative Performance of Antisensitivity Dentifrice, Rinse, and Oxalate Strips: An In Vitro Comparison of Common Global Over-the-Counter Products.

Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of a polyethylene strip coated with an oxalate-containing gel to occlude patent tubuli in human dentin.

Methods: An in vitro model was adapted from the published literature to create a physiologically relevant microenvironment to study immediate and long-term effects of the strip. Observation techniques included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM of ion-milled surfaces (SEM/FIB), and synchrotron-based x-ray microtomography.

Immediate and Durable Effects of an Oxalate Strip on Human Dentin In Vitro.

Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of a polyethylene strip coated with an oxalate-containing gel to occlude patent tubuli in human dentin.

Methods: An in vitro model was adapted from the published literature to create a physiologically relevant microenvironment to study immediate and long-term effects of the strip. Observation techniques included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM of ion-milled surfaces (SEM/FIB), and synchrotron-based x-ray microtomography.

Antimicrobial activity of bismuth subsalicylate on Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli O157:H7, norovirus, and other common enteric pathogens.

Previous studies have shown bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) has antimicrobial properties, but few studies have addressed the mechanism of action. Furthermore, following BSS ingestion other bismuth salts form throughout the gastrointestinal tract including bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) that also act upon enteric pathogens. To further understand the antimicrobial activity of bismuth in infectious diarrhea, the antimicrobial effect of BSS and BiOCl on Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, Shigella, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains and norovirus (NoV) were measured.

A novel cosmetic approach to treat thinning hair.

Background: Many of today's treatments associated with 'thinning hair', such as female pattern hair loss and telogen effluvium, are focused on two of the key aspects of the condition. Over-the-counter or prescription medications are often focused on improving scalp hair density while high-quality cosmetic products work to prevent further hair damage and minimize mid-fibre breakage. Fibre diameter is another key contributor to thinning hair, but it is less often the focus of medical or cosmetic treatments.