Validating the accuracy of mathematical model-based pharmacogenomics dose prediction with real-world data.

Objective: The study aims to verify the usage of mathematical modeling in predicting patients' medication doses in association with their genotypes versus real-world data.

Methods: The work relied on collecting, extracting, and using real-world data on dosing and patients' genotypes. Drug metabolizing enzymes, i.

Determination of volatile impurities and ethanol content in ethanol-based hand sanitizers: Compliance and toxicity.

This study aimed to assess volatile impurities and ethanol content in ethanol-based hand sanitizers. A total of 31 different brands of hand sanitizers were analyzed using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect impurities and determine alcohol content for compliance. Volatile impurities were identified through Mass Spectrometry database analysis, and regression analysis was employed to ascertain ethanol percentage.

Precision dosing for patients on tricyclic antidepressants.

Objective: We aim to develop a personalized dosing tool for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) that integrates CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 gene variants and their effects while also considering the polypharmacy effect.

Methods: The study first adopted a scoring system that assigns weights to each genetic variant. A formula was then developed to compute the effect of both genes' variants on drug dosing.

A software tool to adjust codeine dose based on CYP2D6 gene-pair polymorphisms and drug-drug interactions.

Codeine is metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme, and individuals with certain genetic variations of the CYP2D6 gene may metabolize codeine differently, leading to variable efficacy and toxicity. Drug-drug interactions can also affect the metabolism of codeine. A tool to adjust codeine dose based on these factors does not currently exist.

Association of the ACE and AGT gene polymorphisms with global disparities in COVID-19-related deaths.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the gene polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT), and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality rates worldwide.

Methods: The prevalence of ACE I/D, AGT M235T, and AT1R A1166C alleles' frequencies in different populations was assessed. Data on COVID-19-related cases and deaths were acquired from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, which included weekly reports by country and continent.