1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in first episode and chronic schizophrenia patients.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to compare metabolite levels of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), thalamus, and hippocampus in patients with chronic schizophrenia (CSPs) and first psychotic episode patients (FEPs) by the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Materials And Methods: Thirty CSPs, 20 FEPs, and 30 healthy subjects participated in this study. N-Acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine, choline (Cho), and myoinositol levels of the DLPFC, ACG, thalamus, and hippocampus were measured by 1H-MRS.

The impact of synapsin III gene on the neurometabolite level alterations after single-dose methylphenidate in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder patients.

Objective: To investigate the neurometabolite level changes according to synapsin III gene rs133945G>A and rs133946C>G polymorphisms by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Fifty-seven adults diagnosed with ADHD were recruited for the study. The participants were examined by single-voxel (1)H MRS when medication naïve and 30 minutes after oral administration of 10 mg methylphenidate (Mph).

An evaluation of ocular elasticity using real-time ultrasound elastography in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare sonoelastographic findings in the retina-choroid-sclera (RCS) complex and vitreous in glaucomatous and healthy eyes.

Methods: For this cross-sectional comparative study, 20 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. Ultrasound elastography measurements were taken with a sonographic scanner of the RCS complex, anterior vitreous (AV), posterior vitreous (PV), retrobulbar fat tissue (RFT), optic disc (OD) and optic nerve (ON) in each eye.

Association of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and response to methylphenidate HCL treatment: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

The effects of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline and creatine are being examined in individuals with different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sixty ADHD subjects were included into the study aging between 18 and 60 years. Levels of NAA, creatine and choline in anterior cingulate cortex, cerebellum, striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

[Prefrontal cortex neurochemical metabolite levels in major depression and the effects of treatment: an HMRS study].

Objective: Neuronal degeneration in the prefrontal cortex during depression results in altered production of neurochemical metabolites. The aim of the present study is to examine changes in neurochemical metabolites in the prefrontal cortex and evaluate the effects of psychodrama group therapy and pharmacotherapy on neurochemical metabolism in the first episode depression using 1HMRS methodology.

Method: Eighteen drug-free female patients with diagnosed first-episode major depression according to DSM-IV criteria and 10 healthy female subjects were enrolled in the study.

Feasibility of low-dose unenhanced multi-detector CT in patients with suspected acute appendicitis: comparison with sonography.

Objectives: To compare unenhanced low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and ultrasound (US) in patients with suspected acute appendicitis.

Methods: A total of 104 patients underwent US and LDCT examinations within an hour.

Results: Thirty-nine of the 104 patients had surgically confirmed acute appendicitis.

Neurochemical metabolites in prefrontal cortex in patients with mild/moderate levels in first-episode depression.

Background: Previous studies have determined the neurochemical metabolite abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). The results of studies are inconsistent. Severity of depression may relate to neurochemical metabolic changes.

Neurochemical metabolites in the medial prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

The aim of this study was to investigate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolite values in the medial prefrontal cortex of individuals with euthymic bipolar disorder. The subjects consisted of 15 patients with euthymic bipolar disorder type I and 15 healthy controls. We performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex and measured levels of N-acetyl aspartate, choline and creatine.

A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in schizoaffective disorder: comparison of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

The aim of this study was to compare schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia based on (1)H-MRS metabolite values in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and executive functions. The subjects comprised 15 patients with bipolar disorder type I (BD), 15 with schizophrenia (SCH), 15 with schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and 15 healthy controls. We performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) bilaterally.

The effects of human umbilical cord blood transplantation in rats with experimentally induced spinal cord injury.

Object: Even though there have been many efforts to recover neuronal dysfunction following spinal cord injuries, there are limitations to the treatment of these injuries. The purpose of this laboratory investigation was to determine the clinical and neurophysiological effects of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) transplantation in a rat hemisection model of spinal cord injury.

Methods: In this study, experimental hemisection of the thoracic spinal cord was performed in rats.

CT features of intrathoracic gossypiboma (textiloma).

Here, we present chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) findings for three cases of mediastinal and pleural gossypiboma. Radiological manifestations varied according to the locations and chronicities of the gauze sponges and the types of reactions that they caused. CT analysis readily diagnosed gossypibomas in the early postoperative period by showing well-defined mediastinal- or pleural-based masses with hyperdense rims and central air bubbles.

The role of diffusion-weighted echo planar MRI in central nervous system infections regarding etiopathogeneses.

Neuroimaging constitutes an important component in the diagnosis of the underlying infectious agents in central nervous system (CNS) infections. Despite the recent advances in neuroimaging evaluation, the diagnosis of unclear infectious CNS diseases remains a challenge. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used in routine practice to identify abnormal areas involved in CNS infections.

Intracranial calcifications on CT.

Computed tomography (CT) is very sensitive for detection and localization of intracranial calcifications. We reviewed in this pictorial essay the diseases associated with intracranial calcifications and emphasized the utility of CT for the differential diagnosis.

Bilateral symmetric junctional infarctions of the cerebellum: a case report.

The advances in neuroimaging have improved clinicoanatomic correlations in patients with stroke. Junctional infarct is a distinct term, used to describe border zone infarcts of the posterior fossa. We presented computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a rare case of bilateral symmetrical junctional infarcts between the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) territories.

Ruptured dissecting aneurysms arising from non-vertebral arteries of the posterior circulation: endovascular treatment perspective.

Purpose: Most intracranial dissecting aneurysms involve the posterior circulation, and the intradural segment of the vertebral artery is affected in majority of these. The aim of this report is to summarize the results of endovascular treatment in patients with ruptured dissecting aneurysms of the non-vertebral posterior circulation.

Materials And Methods: During the past six years, the medical records of 23 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage related to dissecting aneurysm arising from non-vertebral arteries of the posterior circulation were reviewed retrospectively.

Thrombosis of a drainage vein in developmental venous anomaly (DVA) leading venous infarction: a case report and review of the literature.

Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are common congenital venous drainage anomalies. Although they typically have a benign clinical course and a low symptomatic rate, thrombosis of a drainage vein may occur, leading to potentially debilitating complications. We report imaging findings of posterior fossa DVA with a thrombosed drainage vein in a patient with nonhemorrhagic cerebellar infarct.

Giant arachnoid granulation in a patient with benign intracranial hypertension (2009: 1b).

We report magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT) and angiographic imaging of an unusual giant arachnoid granulation 7(GAG) in the superior sagittal sinus in a man with headache and vertigo. Intrasinus pressure measurements revealed a significant pressure gradient across the lesion. MR imaging is useful to identify GAG and dural sinus thrombosis, whereas dural sinus pressure measurement in certain cases of GAGs can be used to evaluate the lesion as the cause of the patient's symptoms.

Relationship of parenchymal and pleural abnormalities with acute pulmonary embolism: CT findings in patients with and without embolism.

Purpose: To compare the frequency of pleural and parenchymal abnormalities detected on computed tomography (CT) in patients with and without acute pulmonary embolism (PE), and to investigate whether the pleuroparenchymal findings correlate with the severity of PE.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed contrast-enhanced CT scans acquired in 128 patients suspected of having acute PE. The presence of filling defects consistent with PE was recorded, and the clot burden was quantified.

Developmental venous anomaly (DVA) with arterial component: a rare cause of intracranial haemorrhage.

Introduction: To examine the clinical and radiologic findings of patients with developmental venous anomaly (DVA) associated with intracranial haemorrhage but unrelated to cavernoma.

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) was used to obtain intracranial images from seven patients ranging in age from 6 to 51 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was then performed on six patients, and two patients were further examined via CT angiography.

Giant arachnoid granulation in a patient with benign intracranial hypertension.

We report magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT) and angiographic imaging of an unusual giant arachnoid granulation in the superior sagittal sinus in a man with headache and vertigo. Intrasinus pressure measurements revealed a significant pressure gradient across the lesion. MR imaging is useful to identify giant arachnoid granulation and dural sinus thrombosis, whereas dural sinus pressure measurement in certain cases of giant arachnoid granulations can be used to evaluate the lesion as the cause of the patient's symptoms.

Intra-abdominal spilled gallstones simulating peritoneal metastasis: CT and MR imaging features (2008: 1b).

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has rapidly become the preferred treatment for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. However, the procedure is associated with a number of complications, one of which is the spillage of gallstones into the peritoneal cavity. Unretrieved gallstones may cause a wide variety of complications such as abscess, adhesion and small-bowel obstruction, or they may remain asymptomatic and harmless.