Potential of multispectral imaging for real-time determination of colour change and moisture distribution in carrot slices during hot air dehydration.

Colour and moisture content are important indices in quality monitoring of dehydrating carrot slices during dehydration process. This study investigated the potential of using multispectral imaging for real-time and non-destructive determination of colour change and moisture distribution during the hot air dehydration of carrot slices. Multispectral reflectance images, ranging from 405 to 970 nm, were acquired and then calibrated based on three chemometrics models of partial least squares (PLS), least squares-support vector machines (LS-SVM), and back propagation neural network (BPNN), respectively.

Rapid and non-destructive determination of rancidity levels in butter cookies by multi-spectral imaging.

Background: Rancidity is an important attribute for quality assessment of butter cookies, while traditional methods for rancidity measurement are usually laborious, destructive and prone to operational error. In the present paper, the potential of applying multi-spectral imaging (MSI) technology with 19 wavelengths in the range of 405-970 nm to evaluate the rancidity in butter cookies was investigated.

Results: Moisture content, acid value and peroxide value were determined by traditional methods and then related with the spectral information by partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN).

Non-destructive determination of total polyphenols content and classification of storage periods of Iron Buddha tea using multispectral imaging system.

Total polyphenols is a primary quality indicator in tea which is consumed worldwide. The feasibility of using near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy (800-2500nm) and multispectral imaging (MSI) system (405-970nm) for prediction of total polyphenols contents (TPC) of Iron Buddha tea was investigated in this study. The results revealed that the predictive model by MSI using partial least squares (PLS) analysis for tea leaves was considered to be the best in non-destructive and rapid determination of TPC.

Application of multispectral imaging to determine quality attributes and ripeness stage in strawberry fruit.

Multispectral imaging with 19 wavelengths in the range of 405-970 nm has been evaluated for nondestructive determination of firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) content and ripeness stage in strawberry fruit. Several analysis approaches, including partial least squares (PLS), support vector machine (SVM) and back propagation neural network (BPNN), were applied to develop theoretical models for predicting the firmness and TSS of intact strawberry fruit. Compared with PLS and SVM, BPNN considerably improved the performance of multispectral imaging for predicting firmness and total soluble solids content with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.

Nondestructive determination of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.) using multispectral imaging and chemometric methods.

Crop-to-crop transgene flow may affect the seed purity of non-transgenic rice varieties, resulting in unwanted biosafety consequences. The feasibility of a rapid and nondestructive determination of transgenic rice seeds from its non-transgenic counterparts was examined by using multispectral imaging system combined with chemometric data analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), least squares-support vector machines (LS-SVM), and PCA-back propagation neural network (PCA-BPNN) methods were applied to classify rice seeds according to their genetic origins.

Two coiled-coil regions of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae harpin differ in oligomerization and hypersensitive response induction.

Hpa1(Xoo) (harpin) is a type III secreted protein of the rice blight bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae that elicits a hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost tobacco. Hpa1(Xoo) is predicted to contain two potential coiled-coil (CC) regions, one at the N-terminus with a high probability of formation, and one at the C-terminus with a lower probability of formation.

Expression patterns of purple acid phosphatase genes in Arabidopsis organs and functional analysis of AtPAP23 predominantly transcribed in flower.

Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are metallo-phosphoesterases. Their expression and function have not been systematically investigated in higher plants. In this work, we compared the transcript levels of 28 Arabidopsis PAP (AtPAP) genes in five Arabidopsis organs.

Biological activities of purified harpin(Xoo) and harpin(Xoo) detection in transgenic plants using its polyclonal antibody.

Many harpins have been found in plant pathogen bacteria that can elicit disease and insect resistance in plants, and promote plant growth. In this work, we overexpressed and purified Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae harpin, harpin(Xoo), in Escherichia coli BL21/pGEX-hpa1.

Genetic diversity of harpins from Xanthomonas oryzae and their activity to induce hypersensitive response and disease resistance in tobacco.

Three hrfA (hypersensitive response-functioning faction A) homologues (hrfl, hrf2 and hrf3) are cloned from 12 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae using PCR based techniques. Hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 are derived from strains belonging to X. o.