The interhemispheric amygdala-accumbens circuit encodes negative valence in mice.

The structurally symmetric mammalian brain hemispheres are interconnected by commissural axons across the midline. However, the functions of interhemispheric connectivity remain largely unknown. We found that in mice, transection of the anterior commissure (AC), which connects the rostroventral forebrain, impaired avoidant behaviors.

The correlation between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic microvascular complications during the glucose peak time.

Introduction: To assess the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in association with Chronic Microvascular Complications at Glucose Peak Time and the association among chronic microvascular complications in T2DM patients and the glucose peak period in the typical steamed bread meal test.

Methods: Overall 1095 T2DM patients were classified as three groups: (1) Group G1: glucose peak time ≤ 1 h (n = 84), Group G2: 1 h < glucose peak time ≤ 2 h (n = 648) and Group G3: glucose peak time > 2 h (n = 363). The clinical characteristics, insulin characteristics and glucose peak time and chronic microvascular complications markers of patients in each group was analyzed and compared.

MSU crystallization promotes fibroblast proliferation and renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via the ROS/SHP2/TGFβ pathway.

Monosodium urate (MSU) crystallisation deposited in local tissues and organs induce inflammatory reactions, resulting in diseases such as gout. MSU has been recognized as a common and prevalent pathology in various clinical conditions. In this study, we investigated the role of MSU in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Multi-regulatory potency of USP1 on inflammasome components promotes pyroptosis in thyroid follicular cells and contributes to the progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Background: Inflammatory diseases are often initiated by the activation of inflammasomes triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which mediate pyroptosis. Although pyroptosis resulting from aberrant inflammasome triggering in thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) has been observed in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Given the extensive involvement of protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination in inflammatory diseases, we aimed to investigate how deubiquitinating enzymes regulate thyroid follicular cell pyroptosis and HT pathogenesis.

Ubiquitin-specific protease 1 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by modulating mitochondrial fission and metabolic reprogramming via cyclin-dependent kinase 5 stabilization.

Although deubiquitinases (DUBs) have been well described in liver tumorigenesis, their potential roles and mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, we identified ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) as an oncogene with essential roles during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. USP1, with elevated expression levels and clinical significance, was identified as a hub DUB for HCC in multiple bioinformatics datasets.

Up-regulation of MIC19 promotes growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating ROS/NF-κB signaling.

Background: Mitochondrial malfunction has been well-recognized as a critical step in the pathogenesis of many types of diseases, including cancer. MIC19 is a core a subunit of the MICOS complex that plays a critical role in maintaining the normal function of mitochondria. However, the biological functions of MIC19 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear.

Activation of peroxymonosulphate using a highly efficient and stable ZnFeO catalyst for tetracycline degradation.

Tetracycline (TC) is a widely used antibiotic that adversely affects ecosystems and, therefore, must be removed from the environment. Owing to their strong ability to oxidise pollutants, including antibiotics, and selectivity for these pollutants, an improved oxidation method based on sulphate radicals (SO4·) has gained considerable interest. In this study, a novel technique for removing TC was developed by activating peroxymonosulphate (PMS) using a ZnFeO catalyst.

Transcriptional investigation of the toxic mechanisms of perfluorooctane sulfonate in rats based on an RNA-Seq approach.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was widely used in industrial applications before it was listed as a persistent organic pollutant by the Conference of the Parties in the Stockholm Convention in 2009. Although the potential toxicity of PFOS has been studied, its toxic mechanisms remain largely undefined. Here, we investigated novel hub genes and pathways affected by PFOS to gain new conceptions of the toxic mechanisms of PFOS.

Intra-tumor heterogeneity and prognostic risk signature for hepatocellular carcinoma based on single-cell analysis.

Intra-tumor heterogeneity poses a serious challenge in the treatment of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent developments in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) make it possible to examine the heterogeneity of tumor cells. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was retrieved to obtain scRNA-seq data of 13 HCC and 8 para cancer samples, and the cells were clustered using FindNeighbors and FindClusters functions.

Shift of Glucose Peak Time During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is Associated with Changes in Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity After Therapy with Antidiabetic Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Delay in peak blood glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) predicts declining β-cell function and poor ability to regulate glucose metabolism. Glucose peak time has not been used as a comparative indicator of the improvement in islet function after treatment with exenatide, insulin, or oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). We evaluated the efficacy of three types of antidiabetic drugs on the basis of blood glucose peak time in patients with non-newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Serum galectin-3 as a biomarker for screening, early diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of pancreatic cancer.

Galectin-3 plays an important role in cell-cell adhesion, macrophage activation, angiogenesis, metastasis and apoptosis and is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. We explored the importance of galectin-3 in the screening, early diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of pancreatic cancer. A time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay was performed to detect serum galectin-3 level.

Correlation Between Serum Uric Acid Level and Central Body Fat Distribution in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum uric acid level and central body fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 867 patients with T2DM were enrolled. Measurements of central fat distribution were obtained by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Tyrosine hydroxylase expression in CD4(+) T cells is associated with joint inflammatory alleviation in collagen type II-induced arthritis.

We have recently reported that CD4(+) T cells synthesize and secrete catecholamines that facilitate a shift of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization. In this study, we used an animal model of human rheumatoid arthritis, collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA), to explore relationship between catecholamine production in CD4(+) T cells and Th1-/Th2-mediated joint inflammation. Histopathological observation of ankle joints of CIA mice displayed an evident inflammatory change on day 35 and a major damage to bones on day 55 post-immunization.

The use of vitrification to preserve primary rat hepatocyte monolayer on collagen-coated poly(ethylene-terephthalate) surfaces for a hybrid liver support system.

We developed a scaled-up procedure for vitrifying hepatocytes for hybrid liver support system applications. Hepatocyte monolayer cultured on collagen-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) discs constituted the basic module for a hybrid liver support system. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were seeded on collagen-coated PET discs with a diameter of 33 mm at a density of 5x10(6) cells per disc, and were cultured for 24 h before cryopreservation.