PEDF-34 attenuates neurological deficit and suppresses astrocyte-dependent neuroinflammation by modulating astrocyte polarization via 67LR/JNK/STAT1 signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Background: Reactive astrocytes participate in various pathophysiology after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), including neuroinflammation, glymphatic-lymphatic system dysfunction, brain edema, BBB disruption, and cell death. Astrocytes transform into two new reactive phenotypes with changed morphology, altered gene expression, and secretion profiles, termed detrimental A1 and beneficial A2. This study investigates the effect of 67LR activation by PEDF-34, a PEDF peptide, on neuroinflammation and astrocyte polarization after the experimental SAH.

p97 inhibits integrated stress response-induced neuronal apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice by enhancing proteasome function.

Neuronal apoptosis is a common pathological change in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and it is closely associated with neurological deficits. According to previous research, p97 exhibits a remarkable anti-cardiomyocyte apoptosis effect. p97 is a critical molecule in the growth and development of the nervous system.

CypD induced ROS output promotes intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture by 8-OHdG/NLRP3/MMP9 pathway.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are widely accepted as a pernicious factor in the progression of intracranial aneurysm (IA), which is eminently related to cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation, but the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Recent evidence has identified that enhancement of Cyclophilin D (CypD) under stress conditions plays a critical role in ROS output, thus accelerating vascular destruction. However, no study has confirmed whether cypD is a detrimental mediator of cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation in the setting of IA development.

A Mendelian randomisation, propensity score matching study to investigate causal association between serum homocysteine and intracranial aneurysm.

Background And Purpose: Recent observational studies have reported that serum total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, the causal effect of tHcy on IAs is unknown. We leveraged large-scale genetic association and real-world data to investigate the causal effect of tHcy on IA formation.

Fractalkine Enhances Hematoma Resolution and Improves Neurological Function via CX3CR1/AMPK/PPARγ Pathway After GMH.

Background: Hematoma clearance has been a proposed therapeutic strategy for hemorrhagic stroke. This study investigated the impact of CX3CR1 (CX3C chemokine receptor 1) activation mediated by r-FKN (recombinant fractalkine) on hematoma resolution, neuroinflammation, and the underlying mechanisms involving AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) pathway after experimental germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH).

Methods: A total of 313 postnatal day 7 Sprague Dawley rat pups were used.

Computer-assisted microcatheter shaping for intracranial aneurysm embolization: evaluation of safety and efficacy in a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, stability, and safety of computer-assisted microcatheter shaping (CAMS) in patients with intracranial aneurysms.

Methods: A total of 201 patients with intracranial aneurysms receiving endovascular coiling therapy were continuously recruited and randomly assigned to the CAMS and manual microcatheter shaping (MMS) groups. The investigated outcomes included the first-trial success rate, time to position the microcatheter in aneurysms, rate of successful microcatheter placement within 5 min, delivery times, microcatheter stability, and delivery performance.

Class 1 integrons and multiple mobile genetic elements in clinical isolates of the complex from a tertiary hospital in eastern China.

Background: The emergence of highly drug-resistant , has become a major public health challenge. In this work, we aim to investigate the diversity of species and sequence types (STs) of clinical isolates and to characterize the prevalence and structure of class 1 integrons.

Methods: Based on the whole genome sequencing, species identification was performed by 16S rRNA gene homology and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis.

NOTCH4 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Is Associated with Brain Arteriovenous Malformation in a Chinese Han Population.

Introduction: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are high-flow intracranial vascular malformations characterized by the direct connection of arteries to veins without an intervening capillary bed. They are one of the main causes of intracranial hemorrhage and epilepsy, although morbidity is low. Angiogenesis, heredity, inflammation, and arteriovenous malformation syndromes play important roles in BAVM formation.

Altered gut microbiomes are associated with the symptomatic status of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Background: Gut microbiome has recently been recognized as an important environmental factor affecting the occurrence and development of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gut microbiome and symptomatic UIA, which is a predictor of instability and a high propensity to rupture.

Methods: A total of 132 patients including 86 asymptomatic UIA and 46 symptomatic UIA were recruited in the study.

Plasma metabolic signatures for intracranial aneurysm and its rupture identified by pseudotargeted metabolomics.

Background And Aims: The vital metabolic signatures for IA risk stratification and its potential biological underpinnings remain elusive. Our study aimed to develop an early diagnosis model and rupture classification model by analyzing plasma metabolic profiles of IA patients.

Materials And Methods: Plasma samples from a cohort of 105 participants, including 75 IA patients in unruptured and ruptured status (UIA, RIA) and 30 control participants were collected for comprehensive metabolic evaluation using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based pseudotargeted metabolomics method.

Use of covered stents to treat complex cerebrovascular diseases: Expert consensus.

The treatment of complex cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) at the skull base, such as complex intracranial aneurysms, carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas, and intracranial artery traumatic injuries, is a difficult clinical problem despite advances in endovascular and surgical therapies. Covered stents or stent graft insertion is a new concept for endovascular treatment that focuses on arterial wall defect reconstruction, differing from endovascular lesion embolization or flow diverter therapies. In recent years, covered stents specifically designed for cerebrovascular treatment have been applied in the clinical setting, allowing thousands of patients with CCVDs to undergo intraluminal reconstruction treatment and achieving positive results, even in the era of flow diverters.

Adiponectin Ameliorates GMH-Induced Brain Injury by Regulating Microglia M1/M2 Polarization AdipoR1/APPL1/AMPK/PPARγ Signaling Pathway in Neonatal Rats.

Adiponectin (APN), a fat-derived plasma hormone, is a classic anti-inflammatory agent. Multiple studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of APN in acute brain injury, but the effect of APN in germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is unclear, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely undefined. In the current study, we used a GMH rat model with rh-APN treatment, and we observed that APN demonstrated a protective effect on neurological function and an inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation after GMH.

Automated Machine Learning Model Development for Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment Outcome Prediction: A Feasibility Study.

The prediction of aneurysm treatment outcomes can help to optimize the treatment strategies. Machine learning (ML) has shown positive results in many clinical areas. However, the development of such models requires expertise in ML, which is not an easy task for surgeons.

Identification of an N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related signature associated with clinical prognosis, immune response, and chemotherapy in primary glioblastomas.

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulators play crucial role in tumorigenicity and progression. However, their biological significance in primary glioblastomas (GBM) has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: In the present study, we evaluated the 22 m6A RNA regulators using the integrated data of primary GBM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases.

Transcriptome-Wide Analysis to Identify the Inflammatory Role of lncRNA in Experimental Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Following stroke, there is secondary neuroinflammation that promotes further injury. Identifying the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) involved in neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemic stroke will promote the discovery of potential therapeutic targets.

Heat shock protein 22 modulates NRF1/TFAM-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and DRP1-sparked mitochondrial apoptosis through AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway to alleviate the early brain injury of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely accepted as a detrimental factor in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced early brain injury (EBI), which is eminently related to poor neurologic function outcome. Previous studies have revealed that enhancement of heat shock protein 22 (hsp22) under conditions of stress is a friendly mediator of mitochondrial homeostasis, oxidative stress and apoptosis, thus accelerating neurological recovery. However, no study has confirmed whether hsp22 attenuates mitochondrial stress and apoptosis in the setting of SAH-induced EBI.

Rupture Risk Assessment for Cerebral Aneurysm Using Interpretable Machine Learning on Multidimensional Data.

Assessment of cerebral aneurysm rupture risk is an important task, but it remains challenging. Recent works applying machine learning to rupture risk evaluation presented positive results. Yet they were based on limited aspects of data, and lack of interpretability may limit their use in clinical setting.

Tim-3 deteriorates neuroinflammatory and neurocyte apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage through the Nrf2/HMGB1 signaling pathway in rats.

Inflammation is known to play an important role in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) has emerged as a critical regulator of adaptive and innate immune responses, and has been identified to play a vital role in certain inflammatory diseases; The present study explored the effect of Tim-3 on inflammatory responses and detailed mechanism in EBI following SAH. We investigated the effects of Tim-3 on SAH models established by endovascular puncture method in Sprague-Dawley rats.

TSG-6 Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Early Brain Injury in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Partly by the HO-1 and Nox2 Pathways.

Background: Early brain injury (EBI) refers to acute brain injury during the first 72 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which is one of the major causes of poor prognosis after SAH. Here, we investigated the effect and the related mechanism of TSG-6 on EBI after SAH.

Materials And Methods: The Sprague-Dawley rat model of SAH was developed by the endovascular perforation method.

Development and Validation of an Individualized Immune Prognostic Signature for Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Background: Immune-related genes possess promising prognostic potential in multiple cancer types. Here, we describe the development of an immune-related prognostic signature for predicting prostate cancer recurrence.

Methods: Prostate cancer gene expression profiles for 477 prostate cases, as well as accompanying follow-up information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO.

Elevated Lipid Infiltration Is Associated With Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture.

Intracranial aneurysm wall degradation can be associated with lipid infiltration. However, the relationship between lipid infiltration and aneurysm rupture has not been explored quantitatively. To investigate the correlation between lipid infiltration and aneurysm rupture, we utilized patient-specific simulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transport to analyze lipid infiltration in the cerebral aneurysm wall.