The fully bio-based bilayered flame retardant treatment for paper via natural bio-materials.

In this paper, we report a novel method for enhancing the flame retardancy of wood-based paper by utilizing natural biomaterials. The research constructed a bilayered structure coating on paper fiber surfaces, incorporating mixed starch (MS), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and phytic acid (PA) as natural bio-based flame retardants. The structural configuration of the coating comprises MS/ATP and MS/PA, which were sequentially assembled as bottom and top parts, respectively, through pneumatic spraying.

Microscopic Structural Evolution of Oxidized Coal Residues with Different Oxidation Degree.

Coalfield fires represent a critical environmental and safety concern, warranting a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the reactivity of oxidized coal residues within fire zones. This study investigates the influence of the oxygen volume fraction and oxidation temperature on the residual structure of oxidized coal, elucidating the underlying mechanisms driving reduced coal reactivity. The representative oxidation conditions for coalfield fire zones were determined.

Research on the Law of Coal Pillar Spontaneous Combustion and Fire Prevention and Control Technology.

In coal pillar fires, the fire source is hard to be detected and the adjacent goaf is extremely likely to be affected. Such fires would give rise to thermal and dynamic disasters in mines, further causing casualties and environmental disruption. In this study, with the coal pillar spontaneous combustion (CPSC) accident in Chahasu Coal Mine taken as the research object, the oxygen uptake and limit of oxygen concentration of CPSC were explored.

Detection and management of coal seam outcrop fire in China: a case study.

The outcrop fire area in Rujigou Coal Mine in Ningxia, China has been burning continuously for over 100 years. This not only results in wastage of resources but also poses significant damage to the ecological environment. Previous research on open fire detection has mainly focused on coalfield fire areas, using single method such as infrared remote sensing or surface temperature measurement, magnetic method, electrical method, radon measurement and mercurimetry.

Detection of Spontaneous Combustion Areas of Coal Gangue Dumps and Comprehensive Governance Technologies: A Case Study.

Spontaneous combustion of coal gangue dumps not only releases toxic and harmful gases, polluting the environment, but also leads to explosion accidents and casualties due to improper handling. This paper focuses on delineating the fire area, constructing a comprehensive fire prevention and extinguishing system, and restoring the ecological environment. Infrared thermal imaging was used to detect the shallow fire area, while intensive drilling was conducted to detect the deep fire area.

Influence of Temperature Change on the Change Law of Free Radicals in Coal.

This study investigates changes in the concentration and types of free radicals in the process of coal heating, first rising and then falling. Hailar lignite, Panjiang bituminous coal, and Yangquan anthracite were selected as coal test samples. The results show that the lignite's concentration of free radical changes during heating is greater than that of bituminous coal or anthracite.

Pyrolysis Characteristics of Jet Coal and Oxidation of Residues in Zhundong Coalfield Fires.

Coalfield fire area reburning is one of the serious disasters in fire prevention and safety production. In this study, a synchronous thermal analyzer was used to conduct isothermal pyrolysis of jet coal at different temperatures, and the reaction characteristic parameters of different pyrolysis residual structures were analyzed. FTIR was used to measure group contents in raw coal and different pyrolysis residues.

Coupling Relation between the Location of Cross-Cut Negative Pressure and Injecting Nitrogen into Coal Mine Goaf.

Injecting nitrogen into goaf has been widely adopted for preventing fire hazards in coal mines. In this paper, the coupling relation between different locations of negative pressure of cross-cut drainage and nitrogen injection was investigated. The minefield data collection was carried out by an in situ beam tube system on the intake airway and return airway of the mine goaf.

Reaction Mechanism of Aldehyde Groups during Coal Self-Heating.

In order to further understand the mechanism of coal self-heating in the initial stage, the aldehyde group was analyzed by using the quantum chemistry methods. The charge distribution, structural parameters, and molecular orbital were analyzed to determine the active sites existing in the structure of aldehyde group. Then, a chemical reaction model including five elementary reaction sequences was established.