The role of radiotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: insights from treatment failure patterns in the era of immunotherapy.

Background: The therapeutic advantage of radiotherapy (RT) as an adjunct to first-line immunotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the value of RT based on the first failure pattern of ES-SCLC.

Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed ES-SCLC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) at Shanghai Chest Hospital from August 2018 to October 2023.

Is postoperative radiotherapy effective in patients with completely resected pathologic stage IIIA(N2) non-small cell lung cancer? High-risk populations should consider it.

Background And Purpose: We aimed to assess the benefits of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in completely resected patients with pathologic stage IIIA(N2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a high risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR).

Materials And Methods: A prospective, randomized trial was conducted starting in July 2016 to explore the optimal timing of PORT in high-LRR-risk patients with completely resected IIIA(N2) NSCLC (NCT02974426). Patients were identified as high-LRR-risk patients via the prognostic index (PI) model and were randomly assigned to PORT-first or PORT-last treatment.

Clinical efficacies of different neoadjuvant therapies for non-small cell lung cancer.

Neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery is a common clinical strategy for operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the mainstream neoadjuvant therapies include chemoimmunotherapy, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy. However, there is a lack of studies to report the difference in benefits between these treatment modalities in the same institution. Therefore, this study aimed to depict the short-term efficacy of radiology and pathology achieved by different therapies and their impact on long-term survival as well as the underlying clinical significance.

Postoperative tumor bed radiation versus T-shaped field radiation in the treatment of locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase IIb multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is crucial for patients with thoracic locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC, pT3-4aN0-3M0) following esophagectomy. However, the appropriate radiation volume has not been well established. This study aimed to determine the optimal PORT volume for LA-ESCC patients.

Propensity-matched study on locally advanced esophageal cancer: surgery versus post-operative radiotherapy.

Background: This study aims to delineate the long-term outcomes and recurrence patterns of locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) patients managed with or without postoperative radiotherapy (PORT).

Methods: A retrospective cohort from two academic centers, encompassing patients who initially underwent esophagectomy and were pathologically staged T3-4, was analyzed. Survival outcomes were constructed using Kaplan-Meier method, with survival significance was evaluated using the log-rank test.

attenuates radiation-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis by degrading in cardiomyocytes.

Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a severe delayed complication of thoracic irradiation (IR). Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase family domain-containing 1 ( ) plays an important role in DNA damage repair, but its role in RIHD is less known. In this study, global knockout mice, C57BL/6J mice, and C57BL/6J mice overexpressing are treated with radiation at a total dose of 20 Gy or 0 Gy.

Radiation-Induced Endothelial Ferroptosis Accelerates Atherosclerosis via the DDHD2-Mediated Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway.

This study sought to explore potential roles of endothelial ferroptosis in radiation-associated atherosclerosis (RAA) and molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Here, an in vivo RAA mouse model was used and treated with ferroptosis inhibitors. We found that the RAA group had a higher plaque burden and a reduction in endothelial cells with increased lipid peroxidation compared to the control group, while ameliorated by liproxstatin-1.

Telehealth With Comprehensive Live-Fed Real-World Data as a Patient Care Platform for Lung Cancer: Implementation and Evaluation Study.

Background: Telehealth has emerged as a popular channel for providing outpatient services in many countries. However, the majority of telehealth systems focus on operational functions and offer only a sectional patient journey at most. Experiences with incorporating longitudinal real-world medical record data into telehealth are valuable but have not been widely shared.

Phase II multicenter trial: first-line immunochemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in metastatic esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCR-ESCC-01).

This randomized phase II trial (NCT05978193) combines low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) and conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) with immunochemotherapy for metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, aiming to assess the potential enhanced effect of radiotherapy on immunotherapy. Patients are administered a PD-1 inhibitor along with paclitaxel and platinum-based chemotherapy (arm B), or combined with LDRT and CFRT (arm A). Immunotherapy is given every 3 weeks with chemotherapy for 4 cycles, followed by immunotherapy maintenance therapy for up to 24 months.

Enhancing Prediction for Tumor Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer by Dynamic Parameters from Clinical Assessments.

To develop accurate and accessible prediction methods for assessing pathologic response following NICT prior to surgery, we conducted a retrospective study including 137 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent surgery after two cycles of NICT between January 2019 and March 2022 at our center. We collected clinical parameters to evaluate the dynamic changes in the primary tumor. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the correlations between these parameters and the pathologic response of the primary tumor.

MicroRNA-150-5p inhibits the proliferation and invasion of human larynx epidermiod cancer cells though regulating peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of miR-150-5p regulating the malignant biological behavior of Human Epidermoid cancer cell (HEp-2) by targeting peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-Interacting-1 (PIN1).

Methods: Firstly, qRT-PCR and Western blot were adopted to detect the expression levels of miR-150-5p and PIN1 in cancer tissue and paracancerous tissues of patients with LSCC, and those in human bronchial epithelial cells (16 HBE) and HEp-2. Next, the targeted relationship between miR-150-5p and PIN1 was assessed by bioinformatics website and dual-luciferase reporter assay, followed by their correlation analysis.

A decision support framework for postoperative radiotherapy in patients with pathological N2 non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) plays a highly controversial role in pathological N2 (pN2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) disease. Recent studies reveal that not all patients can benefit from PORT. Further research is needed to identify predictors of PORT.

Practice Patterns of Treatment Strategy of Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Survey of Chinese Oncologists.

Background: Thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) with concurrent chemotherapy is the standard treatment of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). However, there is still a controversy surrounding the treatment strategy especially optimal dosing and fractionation schedule. Current practice patterns among Chinese oncologists are unknown.

Dose-escalation by hypofractionated simultaneous integrated boost IMRT in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: To explore the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and evaluate the safety of dose escalation using hypofractionated simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) concurrent with chemotherapy for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Four escalating radiation dose levels were used. This study included 25 patients with previously untreated NSCLC who received six concurrent weekly chemotherapy cycles comprising cisplatin and docetaxel.

Thr790Leu as a Potential Resistance Mechanism to First-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor May Respond to Osimertinib in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: It has been well established that Thr790Met is one of the major resistance mechanisms to first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Nevertheless, whether Thr790Leu (T790L), which shares the mutation site of Thr790 with Thr790Met, mediates resistance to EGFR TKIs remains elusive. The treatment options for patients harboring this rare mutation have not been reported.

Patterns of Failure in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Objective: The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has rapidly transformed the treatment paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite the durability of response to ICIs, the vast majority of patients will later develop progression. However, the failure patterns of ICI treatment are unknown.

Prognostic Value of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma Treated With Surgical Dissection.

Objective: Inflammation plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and progression. Our purpose was to investigate the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and develop a nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Methods: 1431 patients undergoing surgical resection with pathologically confirmed stage I lung adenocarcinoma were reviewed.

Biomarkers for the prediction of esophageal cancer neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response: A systemic review.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery has been established as the standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer. For patients with complete regression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, active surveillance rather than planned surgery has been proposed as an organ preservation strategy. Reliable biomarkers to predict chemoradiation response is needed.

Analyzing the Effect of Vitronectin on Cell Growth and Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition of Pulmonary Fibroblast Cells.

Purpose: Vitronectin (VTN), a multifunctional glycoprotein, is involved in various biological and pathological processes. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of VTN on mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) of pulmonary fibroblast cells.

Methods: Lentivirus encoding for VTN-specific shRNA was constructed and infected into the cultured fibroblast WI-38 cells.

Predicting Malignancy and Invasiveness of Pulmonary Subsolid Nodules on CT Images Using Deep Learning.

Background: To develop and validate a deep learning-based model on CT images for the malignancy and invasiveness prediction of pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs).

Materials And Methods: This study retrospectively collected patients with pulmonary SSNs treated by surgery in our hospital from 2012 to 2018. Postoperative pathology was used as the diagnostic reference standard.

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in the locoregional recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by quantitative proteomics.

Background: This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers associated with locoregional recurrence in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after radical resection.

Methods: We performed a quantitative proteomics analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) with reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS) to identify differential expression proteins (DEPs) between a locoregional recurrence group and good prognosis group of ESCC after radical esophagectomy. The bioinformatics analysis was performed with ingenuity pathway analysis software (IPA) and Gene Ontology (GO) database using the software of MAS 3.

Genetic variations in DNA repair gene NEIL1 associated with radiation pneumonitis risk in lung cancer patients.

Background: Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is a common side effect in lung cancer patients who received radiotherapy. Our previous study found genetic variations in DNA repair gene NEIL1 may be a predictor of RP in patients with esophageal cancer. So, we hypothesis genetic variations in NEIL1 gene could affect the risk of RP in lung cancer patients following radiotherapy.