NtSAP9 confers freezing tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum plants.

Abiotic stresses, such as extreme temperatures, drought, and salinity, significantly affect plant growth and productivity. Among these, cold stress is particularly detrimental, impairing cellular processes and leading to reduced crop yields. In recent years, stress-associated proteins (SAPs) containing A20 and AN1 zinc-finger domains have emerged as crucial regulators in plant stress responses.