Different treatment protocols for moderate idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Treatment of idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is problematic due to the unclear etiology of the illness. Corticosteroid is recommended by some papers, and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) by others. Recently HBO2 has been shown to be an important therapy for ISSNHL, with an increasing number of studies demonstrating its beneficial results.

Evaluation of idiopathic olfactory loss with chemosensory event-related potentials and magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Idiopathic olfactory loss (IOL) accounts for a sizable fraction of olfactory dysfunction, but very little is known about its etiology and electrophysiological changes in the olfactory pathway.

Methods: We analyzed the physiology of IOL using chemosensory event-related potentials (ERPs) (olfactory and trigeminal: oERP and tERP) and olfactory pathway magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measured in adult patients with IOL and healthy controls. Subjective olfactory function was measured by Toyota and Takagi (T&T) olfactometry and Sniffin' Sticks (SS).

Gender difference in Chinese adults with post-viral olfactory disorder:a hospital-based study.

Conclusions: This hospital-based study found a gender differences in Chinese subjects with post-viral olfactory disorder (PVOD). Women appear to face higher susceptibility to PVOD, a finding that appears to be magnified with age and duration of olfactory loss.

Objectives: PVOD is one of the most common reasons for acquired olfactory dysfunction, but there is little data in Chinese populations.

[Observation of nasal obstruction symptom evaluation questionnaire and Epworth sleep score in nasal cavity ventilation expansion techniques for patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea].

Objective: To realize the application of nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) and Epworth sleep score (ESS) before and after nasal cavity ventilation expansion techniques.

Method: Forty-two OSAHS patients with nasal obstructive symptoms were diagnosed by clinical symptoms and polysomnography. Nasal cavity ventilation expansion technique was performed.

[MRI evaluation of the olfactory pathway].

MRI scanning is an important technique to evaluate the olfactory system, special scanning parameters could reveal the fine structures of the olfactory pathway. Olfactory cleft, olfactory bulb/tract, olfactory sulcus and olfactory center are the main targets of the scanning. Chronic rhino-sinusitis, head trauma, congenital dysplasia and neural degenerative diseases are the primary causes of the olfactory dysfunction and have particular imaging presentations respectively.

Evaluation of post-traumatic anosmia with MRI and chemosensory ERPs.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and chemosensory event-related potentials (ERPs) are important methods to evaluate olfactory function, but there is lack of study to explore the application of MRI and chemosensory ERPs in the patients with traumatic anosmia. The data of 26 post-traumatic anosmic patients and 21 healthy controls were retrospectively surveyed; olfaction and olfactory pathway of all participants were measured clinically using the T&T olfactometer, the Sniffin' Sticks, chemosensory ERPs and MRI. All patients were anosmic based on complaints and clinical examinations.

[The normative combined therapy for recurrent sinusitis].

Objective: To assess the treatment outcome after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with recurrent sinusitis and to research which factors could influence the clinical outcome.

Method: Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in 55 patients. The clinical outcome and epithelization of mucosa after ESS were evaluated by Chinese ENT Association criteria.

[Canalplasty for stenosis or atresia of the external auditory canal].

Objective: To report the experience of canalplasty in treatment of stenosis or atresia of the external auditory canal.

Method: A retrospective review was performed on 10 patients (10 ears) that underwent canalplasty. The lesions located in bony segment in 1 case, cartilaginous segment in 3 cases, both in cartilaginous and bony segments in 6 cases, in which 4 cases accompanied with the middle ear diseases.

[Clinical observation of isolated congenital anosmia].

Objective: To introduce 8 patients with isolated congenital anosmia and to discuss the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics and family characteristics of this rarely seen disorder.

Methods: Eight patients with isolated congenital anosmia treated between April 2007 and April 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 4 males and 4 females.

Clinical features of olfactory disorders in patients seeking medical consultation.

Background: Olfactory disorders are common complaints in ENT clinics. We investigated causes and relevant features of olfactory disorders and the need for gustatory testing in patients with olfactory dysfunction.

Material/methods: A total of 140 patients seeking medical consultations were enrolled.

[Diagnosis and management of the acute attack of sphenoid and ethmoid fungal ball sinusitis].

Objective: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of the acute attack of sphenoid and ethmoid fungal ball sinusitis based on the analysis of clinical features.

Method: Eighteen patients with sphenoid and ethmoid fungal ball sinusitis were reviewed, and the main symptoms included headache and fever during acute attack. Endoscopy, nasal CT and MRI can provide useful information for diagnosis.

Intranasal trigeminal chemosensitivity in patients with postviral and post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction.

Conclusions: The olfactory and intranasal trigeminal systems are closely connected. With regard to intranasal trigeminal event-related potential (ERP), patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) showed longer latency and lower amplitude, which indicated decreased trigeminal sensitivity. Different age, etiology, and olfactory status also affect trigeminal sensitivity differently.

[Expression of odorant receptor genes on the olfactory epithelium following olfactory nerve disconnection].

Objective: To constitute the animal model of unilateral olfactory nerve transection and observe the expression level and distribution of odorant receptors.

Methods: Thirty-two rats were divided into two groups: the olfactory nerve transection group (20) and the control group (12). The former group received the operation to transect the left olfactory nerve following the left olfactory bulb was exposed under microscope and the latter group did not give any disposal.

[Experience in overlay tympanoplasty].

Objective: To explore the experience and value of overlay tympanoplasty.

Methods: Sixty-three ears with overlay tympanoplasty were reviewed and followed up for the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane and hearing.

Results: The diseases of the patients included middle ear cholesteatoma in 25 ears and chronic suppurative otitis media in 38 ears.

[Experience of canalplasty during the overlay tympanoplasty].

Objective: To report the experience with canalplasty during the operation of overlay tympanoplasty.

Method: A retrospective review was performed on 56 patients (59 ears) that underwent tympanoplasty and canalplasty (part with intact canal wall mastoidectomy). Transcanal and postauricular incisions were made, and the posterior canal skin flap was elevated and fixed with retractor, while the anterior flap was freed.

Effects of glucocorticoid on cyclic nucleotide-gated channels of olfactory receptor neurons.

Objective: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels play an important role in olfactory perception. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of glucocorticoid on the CNG channels of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs).

Methods: For in vivo studies, rats were injected with dexamethasone 1 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally once or once a day for 2 weeks.

Effects of transplanting olfactory ensheathing cells on recovery of olfactory epithelium after olfactory nerve transection in rats.

Background: Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) can remyelinate injured spinal cord and the peripheral nerve system, but little is known about its effect on the transected olfactory nerve. We investigated recovery of olfactory epithelium after transplanting allogeneic OECs in transected rat olfactory nerves.

Material/methods: Olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory bulb were cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium and purified with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-c).

[Effect of Betamethasone on the cAMP of olfactory receptor neurons in rat].

Objective: To observe the effects of Betamethasone on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and explore the possible mechanisms of the recovery of olfactory disorders by steroid treatment

Methods: ORNs membrane was extracted and incubated with 0.1 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml Betamethasone.

[Correlation between olfactory disorders and morphology of nasal cavity].

Objective: To analyze the correlation between olfactory disorders and the morphology of nasal cavity in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Method: One hundred and seventy-six patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and/or polyps were included. Olfactory function, the morphology of nasal cavity and nasal sinus, especially the morphology of olfactory cleft, were surveyed by T&T Olfactometer, nasal endoscope and computed tomography (coronal and horizontal position).

[Clinical features of primary ciliary dyskinesia].

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).

Methods: Three cases of PCD received endoscopic sinus surgery and were followed up for life quality and recovery. Among these 3 cases, two were twin brothers and the other girl was twin born with a healthy brother.

[Effects of ischemia on olfactory bulb in rats].

Objective: To observe the olfactory bulb's morphological change after ischemic injury in rats, and explore the role of vascular factor in olfactory disorders.

Method: Forty adult SD rats (weighting 250-300 g) were used, 30 of which were treated with permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteries, and the others were served as the control. The olfactory bulbs were carefully taken out on the 1st week, 4th week, 2nd month post operation, respectively, then observed the morphological changes by light microscopy.