Enhancing antitumor efficacy of CLDN18.2-directed antibody-drug conjugates through autophagy inhibition in gastric cancer.

Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is overexpressed in cancers of the digestive system, rendering it an ideal drug target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Co-targeting CD47 and VEGF elicited potent anti-tumor effects in gastric cancer.

Background: CD47, serving as an intrinsic immune checkpoint, has demonstrated efficacy as an anti-tumor target in hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of CD47 in gastric cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target remains unclear.

Methods: The expression of CD47 in clinical gastric cancer tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

Anti-CD47 Antibody Enhances the Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Patients with Gastric Cancer Liver Metastasis.

Patients with gastric cancer liver metastasis (GCLM) are often treated with palliative care, and they show a poor prognosis. In gastric cancer, high CD47 expression has been shown to indicate a poor prognosis. CD47, expressed on the cell surface, prevents the cells from being phagocytosed by macrophages.

Recent Progress and Future Perspectives of Immunotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer.

As one of the most common forms of solid tumours, gastric carcinoma has been revealed as the third leading cause of death worldwide. The symptom of gastric cancer is usually not obvious and thus difficult to detect at earlier stages. Therefore, gastric cancer is already in the advanced stage once detected in patients, which has a poor prognosis due to ineffective therapies and multiple resistance.

Clinical significance of chromosomal integrity in gastric cancers.

Background: A whole-exome or targeted cancer genes panel by next-generation sequencing has been used widely in assisting individualized treatment decisions. Currently, multiple algorithms are developed to estimate DNA copy numbers based on sequencing data, which makes a comprehensive global glance at chromosomal integrity possible. We aim to classify gastric cancers based on chromosomal integrity to guide personalized therapy.

Targeting the autophagy promoted antitumor effect of T-DM1 on HER2-positive gastric cancer.

Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate consisted of the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and the tubulin inhibitor emtansine, has shown potent therapeutic value in HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). However, a clinical trial indicated that T-DM1 exerts a limited effect on HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC), but the underlying mechanism is inconclusive. Our research attempted to reveal the probable mechanism and role of autophagy in T-DM1-treated HER2-positive GC.

Mutational landscape of gastric cancer and clinical application of genomic profiling based on target next-generation sequencing.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths, and an increased number of GC patients adopt to next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify tumor genomic alterations for precision medicine.

Methods: In this study, we established a hybridization capture-based NGS panel including 612 cancer-associated genes, and collected sequencing data of tumors and matched bloods from 153 gastric cancer patients. We performed comprehensive analysis of these sequencing and clinical data.

The Regulations and Mechanisms of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are becoming 2 of the most leading risk factors that threaten public health worldwide. Obesity is a very strong but preventable risk factor for getting type 2 diabetes. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has been a main approach to the surgical management of morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes but its role remains undefined.

Effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for weight loss and obesity-associated co-morbidities: a 3-year outcome from Mainland Chinese patients.

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming a stand-alone bariatric surgery for obesity, but its effectiveness for Mainland Chinese patients remains unclear.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of LSG for Mainland Chinese patients SETTING: A tertiary hospital METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients admitted for LSG between January 2011 and February 2012 was performed. Medium-term outcome measures were: total weight loss (%TWL), excess weight loss (%EWL), co-morbidities, improvement, and complications.

Activated central galanin type 1 receptor alleviated insulin resistance in diabetic rat muscle.

Evidence indicates that central galanin is involved in regulation of insulin resistance in animals. This study investigates whether type 1 galanin receptor (GAL1) in the brain mediates the ameliorative effect of galanin on insulin resistance in skeletal muscles of type 2 diabetic rats. Rats were intracerebroventricularly (i.

Knockin of Cre Gene at Ins2 Locus Reveals No Cre Activity in Mouse Hypothalamic Neurons.

The recombination efficiency and cell specificity of Cre driver lines are critical for exploring pancreatic β cell biology with the Cre/LoxP approach. Some commonly used Cre lines are based on the short Ins2 promoter fragment and show recombination activity in hypothalamic neurons; however, whether this stems from endogenous Ins2 promoter activity remains controversial. In this study, we generated Ins2-Cre knockin mice with a targeted insertion of IRES-Cre at the Ins2 locus and demonstrated with a cell lineage tracing study that the Ins2 gene is not transcriptionally active in the hypothalamus.

The expression and clinical significance of CD73 molecule in human rectal adenocarcinoma.

The ectonucleotidase CD73 degrades adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine which potently inhibits host immune responses against cancer. This study investigated the expression level and prognostic significance of CD73 in human rectal adenocarcinoma. Our data demonstrated that CD73 staining strongly marked both malignant epithelial cells and stromal components where the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of CD73 were significantly increased compared with paracancerous controls.

[Efficacy analysis of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in treatment of obesity with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG) for the treatment of obesity with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).

Methods: Clinical data of 32 obesity patients with T2DM patients undergoing LSG from May 2010 to February 2012 in our department were retrospectively analyzed. Their body weight indexes (body weight, waist circumference, BMI, EWL), blood glucose indexes [glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)], and blood lipid indexes [total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)] were measured 1, 3, 6, 12 months after operation and compared with preoperative levels.

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: a report of 228 cases.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in obese patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included 228 patients (73 males and 155 females, mean age, 32.5 ± 10.

[Perioperative managment of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy].

Objective: To summarize the surgical technique and perioperative management of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Methods: A total of 57 morbid obesity patients undergoing LSG surgery from May 2010 to December 2012 were enrolled in the study, whose clinical data in perioperative period were analyzed retrospectively. These patients had more than 1 year of follow-up.

Twist and miR-34a are involved in the generation of tumor-educated myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Tumors can induce the generation and accumulation of immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to tumor immunological escapes. Many studies have demonstrated that multiple factors could induce myeloid precursor cells into myeloid-derived suppressor cells, not dendritic cells. In our study, we found that tumor supernatants could induce the generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by disturbing the development of dendritic cells.

[Impacts of laparoscopic bariatric surgery on GLP-1 and Ghrelin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objectives: To investigate the impacts of laparoscopic bariatric surgery on fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Ghrelin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the mechanism in surgical treatment of T2DM.

Methods: From March 2010 to August 2011, 44 patients with T2DM underwent laparoscopic bariatric, including laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB, n = 14), laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass (LMGB, n = 11), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG, n = 9) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB, n = 10). The curative effects, changes of metabolism and gastrointestinal hormones were analyzed respectively.

[Efficacy comparison between 2 methods of laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To investigate the outcomes after 2 methods of laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).

Methods: From December 2009 to June 2011, 21 patients with T2DM underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery, including laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB, n=11), and laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass (LMGB, n=10). Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.