A multi-layer flexible photothermal titanium nitride-based superhydrophobic surface for highly efficient anti-icing and de-icing.

Ice accumulation presents a significant challenge for various residential activities and industrial facilities. Most current de-icing methods are time-consuming and costly. Photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces have garnered significant attention in the field of anti-icing and de-icing due to their environmentally friendly and energy-saving characteristics.

What Is the Appropriate Clinical Target Volume for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Debate and Consensus Based on Pathological and Clinical Outcomes.

Accurate delineation of clinical target volume (CTV) is critical in the effective management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of esophagus using radiation therapy. Accurate delineation may improve the probability of local control and reduce the risk of complications. However, there are no consistent standards on the proper size of the margins added to the gross tumor volume (GTV).