Dual Function of PI(4,5)P in Insulin-Regulated Exocytic Trafficking of GLUT4 in Adipocytes.

Phosphoinositides are important signaling molecules involved in the regulation of vesicular trafficking. It has been implicated that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P] is involved in insulin-regulated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes. However, it remains unclear where and how PI(4,5)P regulates discrete steps of GLUT4 vesicle translocation in adipocytes, especially on the exocytic arm of regulation.

Coumarins improved type 2 diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin in mice via antioxidation.

Coumarins extensively exist in plants and are utilized against diabetes in some folk medicines. Recent studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. We investigated the antioxidant ability of 3 coumarins (osthole, esculin, and fraxetin) in type 2 diabetes.