The Experimental and Modeling Study on the Thermodynamic Equilibrium Hydrate Formation Pressure of Helium-Rich Natural Gas in the Presence of Tetrahydrofuran.

Hydrate-based gas separation (HBGS) has good potential in the separation of helium from helium-rich natural gas. HBGS should be carried out under a pressure higher than the thermodynamic equilibrium hydrate formation pressure () to ensure the formation of hydrate so that the accurate prediction of is the basis of the determination of HBGS pressure. In this work, the of the helium-rich natural gases with different helium contents (1 mol%, 10 mol%, and 50 mol%) in gas and different tetrahydrofuran (THF) contents (5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 19 wt%) in liquid at different temperatures were experimentally investigated through the isothermal pressure search method.

Investigating the Rheology and Stability of Heavy Crude Oil-in-Water Emulsions Using APG08 Emulsifiers.

This work investigates the performance of isooctyl glucoside (APG08) as an emulsifier for the preparation of a Karamay heavy crude oil-in-water emulsion to facilitate its pipeline transportation. First, various factors affecting the rheology and stability of prepared emulsions were studied. The results revealed that the viscosity and stability of emulsions increased with increasing oil content, surfactant concentration, mixing speed, mixing time, and pH of the aqueous phase.

Components Interaction of Cotton Stalk under Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Conversion: A Bio-Oil Pyrolysis Behavior Perspective Analysis.

The conversion of agricultural and forestry waste biomass materials into bio-oil by mild hydro-thermal technology has a positive effect on extending the agricultural industry chain and alleviating the world energy crisis. The interaction investigation of biomass components during bio-oil formation can be significant for the efficient conversion of lignocellulose when different raw materials are fed together. In this paper, a bio-oil pyrolysis behavior (thermogravimetric analysis, TG) perspective component interaction investigation of cotton stalks under low-temperature hydro-thermal conversion (220 °C) was studied.

Transient Stabilization Effect of CO in the Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Azo Compounds and the Reductive Coupling of α-Ketoesters.

The carbon dioxide (CO ) capture and utilization has attracted a great attention in organic synthesis. Herein, an unpresented transient stabilization effect (TSE) of CO is disclosed and well applied to the electrochemical hydrogenation of azo compounds to hydrazine derivatives. Mechanistic experiments and computational studies imply that CO can capture azo radical anion intermediates to protect the hydrogenation from potential degradation reactions, and is finally released through decarboxylation.

PhB(OH)-Promoted Electrochemical Sulfuration-Formyloxylation of Styrenes and Selectfluor-Mediated Oxidation-Olefination.

We report a PhB(OH)-promoted electrochemical sulfuration-formyloxylation reaction of styrenes employing commercially available thiophenols/thiols as thiolating agents. Specifically, metal catalysts and external chemical oxidants are not needed in the reaction for the formation of β-formyloxy sulfides, and these sulfides can be further converted to ()-vinyl sulfones via the Selectfluor-mediated oxidation-olefination. Notably, on the basis of this electrochemical oxidation strategy, β-hydroxy sulfide, β-formyloxy sulfoxide, β-formyloxy sulfone, and ()-vinyl sulfoxide can also be easily prepared.

CFCOH-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Alkynylpyrrole Derivatives and Their Controlled Reduction.

A transition-metal-free methodology employing nitroenynes and enaminones has been developed to access 3-alkynylpyrrole derivatives. This mild cyclization reaction might proceed through the nucleophilic addition, intramolecular cyclization, and the subsequent elimination processes. The protocol features a broad substrate scope, good selectivity, and functional group tolerance.

The Effect of Temperature and Sputtered Particles on the Wettability of Al/AlO.

Two kinds of AlO ceramic samples with and without Al film deposited were designed respectively. The influences of temperature and high kinetic energy sputtering particles on the wettability and interface strength of Al/AlO were studied by comparing the wetting behavior of molten aluminum on two samples. The results show that molten aluminum does not wet the AlO sample without Al film deposited at 700 °C, the contact angle is 165°, and the interfacial shear strength is 28 MPa.

Cotton stalk-derived hydrothermal carbon for methylene blue dye removal: investigation of the raw material plant tissues.

Conversion of the abundant agricultural residual cotton stalk (CS) into useful chemicals or functional materials could alleviate the fossil fuels caused energy shortages and environmental crises. Although some advances have been achieved, less attention has been paid to the plant tissues effect. In this study, the plant tissue of CS was changed by part degradation of some components (hemicelluloses and lignin, for example) with the aid of acid/base (or both).

Reductive CO Fixation via the Selective Formation of C-C Bonds: Bridging Enaminones and Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines.

Herein, a selective tandem C-C bond-forming reaction with CO was developed to realize the bridging of enaminones and synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines, respectively. -Butylamine significantly promoted this CO deoxymethylenation procedure catalyzed by 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.

Hydrosilane-Assisted Synthesis of Urea Derivatives from CO and Amines.

A methodology employing CO, amines, and phenylsilane was discussed to access aryl- or alkyl-substituted urea derivatives. This procedure was characterized by adopting hydrosilane to promote the formation of ureas directly, without the need to prepare silylamines in advance. Control reactions suggested that FeCl was a favorable additive for the generation of ureas, and this 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.

Synthesis of fused-tetrahydropyrimidines: one-pot methylenation-cyclization utilizing two molecules of CO.

A methylenation-cyclization reaction, employing cyclic enaminones with primary aromatic amines and two molecules of CO, furnishing fused-tetrahydropyrimidines, is discussed. In this CsCO and ZnI catalyzed one-pot two-step procedure, two molecules of CO were selectively converted to methylene groups. The multi-component reaction might proceed through the formation of bis(silyl)acetal which was followed by condensation and further aza-Diels-Alder reaction.