Absolute quantification of Neuron-specific enolase based on surface plasmon resonance.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is currently the most reliable biomarker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is important for disease monitoring, clinical evaluation and diagnosis. However, traditional methods suffer from various disadvantages, including instability, complexity, time-consuming operations, and the necessity for standards. In this study, we developed a calibration-free concentration analysis (CFCA) method based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, to accurately quantify the active concentration of NSE without relying on any standards.

Two critical detoxification enzyme genes, NlCYP301B1 and NlGSTm2 confer pymetrozine resistance in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is a notorious pest that infests rice across Asia. The rapid evolution of chemical pesticide resistance in BPH poses an ongoing threat to agriculture and human health. Currently, pymetrozine has emerged as a viable alternative to imidacloprid for managing N.

Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures-assisted electrochemical assay for detecting circulating tumor DNA by combining a masking tactic with 3D-hybridization chain reactions.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a remarkable noninvasive tumor marker that plays a crucial role in tumor diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. However, detecting low-abundance ctDNA from a substantial amount of nucleic acids originating from healthy cells is challenging. Herein, we proposed a tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs)-assisted electrochemical biosensor for ctDNA detection.

A clenbuterol detection method based on magnetic separation up-conversion fluorescent probe.

In this study, a fluorescence detection method combining aptamer-modified up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed for detection of Clenbuterol (CLB). The aptamer-modified magnetic NPs captured CLB, which reacted with the aptamer-modified UCNPs and generated a sandwich complex. The aptamer-modified UCNPs acted as a fluorescence source.

Effects of imidacloprid combined with validamycin on the population fitness and symbiotic of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Using a high-efficiency insecticide in combination with fungicides that have different mechanisms of action is a conventional method in the current management of brown planthopper (BPH) resistance. In this study, we investigate the separate and combined effects of the low-toxicity fungicide validamycin and the non-cross-resistant insecticide imidacloprid on the fitness and symbiosis of BPH. These research results indicate that when the proportion of active ingredients in validamycin is combined with imidacloprid at a ratio of 1:30, the toxicity ratio and co-toxicity coefficient are 1.

Study on the gut symbiotic microbiota in long- and short-winged brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most important rice pests in Asia rice regions. BPH has monophagy, migration, rapid reproduction and strong environmental adaptability, and its control is a major problem in pest management. Adult BPH exhibit wing dimorphism, and the symbiotic microbiota enriched in the gut can provide energy for wing flight muscles as a source of nutrition.

CdgB Regulates Morphological Differentiation and Toyocamycin Production in 1628.

Bis (3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger that controls several metabolic pathways in bacteria. In , c-di-GMP is associated with morphological differentiation, which is related to secondary metabolite production. In this study, we identified and characterized a diguanylate cyclase (DGC), CdgB, from 1628, which may be involved in c-di-GMP synthesis, through genetic and biochemical analyses.

Carboxymethyl chitosan-modified UiO-66 for the rapid detection of fenpropathrin in grains.

Fenpropathrin residues in grain are potentially harmful to humans. Therefore, a fluorimetric lateral flow immunoassay using a zirconium-based organic skeleton (UiO-66) as a signal marker was developed for detecting fenpropathrin. Herein, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) was used to modify UiO-66 and improve its water solubility to facilitate stable binding with sodium fluorescein (NaFL).

Comparative analysis of the diversity of symbionts in fat body of long- and short-winged brown planthoppers.

The microbial community structure plays an important role in the internal environment of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), which is an indispensable part to reflect the internal environment of BPH. Wing dimorphism is a strategy for balancing flight and reproduction of insects. Here, quantitative fluorescence PCR was used to analyse the number and changes of the symbionts in the fat body of long- and short-winged BPHs at different developmental stages.

The application and development of electron microscopy for three-dimensional reconstruction in life science: a review.

Imaging technologies have played a pivotal role in advancing biological research by enabling visualization of biological structures and processes. While traditional electron microscopy (EM) produces two-dimensional images, emerging techniques now allow high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) characterization of specimens in situ, meeting growing needs in molecular and cellular biology. Combining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with serial sectioning inaugurated 3D imaging, attracting biologists seeking to explore cell ultrastructure and driving advancement of 3D EM reconstruction.

Effects of Secondary Metabolites of Rice on Brown Planthopper and Its Symbionts.

The brown planthopper (Stål) (BPH) is a main rice pest in China and many other Asian countries. In the control of BPH, the application of insect-resistant rice has proven to be quite effective. Secondary metabolites are essential weapons in plants' defense against phytophagous insects.

Detection of Based on Magnetic and Upconversion Nanoparticles Combined with Aptamers.

is a halophilic and heat-labile gram-negative bacterium and is the most prevalent foodborne bacterium in seafood. In order to develop a rapid and sensitive method for detecting the foodborne pathogenic bacterium , an aptamer-modified magnetic nanoparticle and an aptamer-modified upconversion nanoparticle were synthesised and used as a capture probe and a signal probe, respectively. The aptamer-modified magnetic nanoparticle, cell, and aptamer-modified upconversion nanoparticle formed a sandwich-like complex, which was rapidly separated from a complex matrix using a magnetic force, and the bacterial concentration was determined by fluorescence intensity analysis.

Dosage-sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple small-molecule pollutants in environmental water and agriproducts using portable SERS-based lateral flow immunosensor.

The co-contamination of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in agricultural products is a global concern, with the potential for cumulative and synergistic damaging effects, imposing substantial health and economic burdens to the public. The dosage-sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple pollutants, with a heightened sensitivity in real samples, poses a significant demand and challenge. Herein, we propose a portable detection method integrating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), offering high sensitivity and multiplex analysis capabilities.

Recent Advances in Non-Targeted Screening of Compounds in Plastic-Based/Paper-Based Food Contact Materials.

Ensuring the safety of food contact materials has become a pressing concern in recent times. However, detecting hazardous compounds in such materials can be a complex task, and traditional screening methods may not be sufficient. Non-targeted screening technologies can provide comprehensive information on all detectable compounds, thereby supporting the identification, detection, and risk assessment of food contact materials.

Leveraging insect viruses and genetic manipulation for sustainable agricultural pest control.

The potential of insect viruses in the biological control of agricultural pests is well-recognized, yet their practical application faces obstacles such as host specificity, variable virulence, and resource scarcity. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have significantly advanced our capabilities in discovering and identifying new insect viruses, thereby enriching the arsenal for pest management. Concurrently, progress in reverse genetics has facilitated the development of versatile viral expression vectors.

RT-RPA-PfAgo System: A Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Multiplex Detection Method for Rice-Infecting Viruses.

The advancement in CRISPR-Cas biosensors has transmuted the detection of plant viruses owing to their rapid and higher sensitivity. However, false positives and restricted multiplexing capabilities are still the challenges faced by this technology, demanding the exploration of novel methodologies. In this study, a novel detection system was developed by integrating reverse transcriptome (RT) techniques with recombinase polymerase isothermal amplification (RPA) and Argonaute (PfAgo).

Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/metal-organic framework composite for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides in medicine and food homology products.

A novel extraction adsorbent composite of MWCNTs/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) was synthesized, and was used to extract 6 kinds of neonicotinoid pesticides in medicine and food homology products. The composite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). MWCNTs were enveloped around MOFs to provide physical support for the crystal structure.

Establishment of a Rapid Detection Method for Yeast-like Symbionts in Brown Planthopper Based on Droplet Digital PCR Technology.

The brown planthopper (Stål) (BPH) is a typical monophagous sucking rice pest. Over the course of their evolution, BPH and its symbionts have established an interdependent and mutually beneficial relationship, with the symbionts being important to the growth, development, reproduction, and variation in virulence of BPH. Yeast-like symbionts (YLS), harbored in the abdomen fat body cells of BPH, are vital to the growth and reproduction of the host.

Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on Broad-Spectrum Antibody for Simultaneous Determination of Thirteen Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in .

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) is a type of widely used antibiotic in agriculture and aquaculture, and exposure to low doses of FQs may result in the transfer of resistance between animal and human pathogens. Based on the optimization of the operating parameters, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) standard curve was constructed for the simultaneous detection of 13 FQs, including enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), sarafloxacin (SAR), ofloxacin (OFL), norfloxacin (NOR), pefloxacin mesylate (PM), pefloxacin (PEF), enoxacin (ENX), marbofloxacin (MAR), fleroxacin (FLE), lomefloxacin (LOM), danofloxacin (DAN), and difloxacin (DIF). The limit of detection (LOD, computed as IC) and sensitivity (IC) of the ic-ELISA for ENR were 0.

Fitness costs of resistance to insecticide pymetrozine combined with antimicrobial zhongshengmycin in (Stål).

The brown planthopper, (Stål), is a major pest of rice crops, and its control is critical for food security. Pymetrozine has been recommended as an alternative to imidacloprid for controlling , but the pest has developed high resistance to it, making its prohibition and restriction urgent. To address this issue, we conducted a study using a mixture of pymetrozine and zhongshengmycin with the effective ratio of 1:40, to evaluate the fitness costs in .

Determination Methods of the Risk Factors in Food Based on Nanozymes: A Review.

Food safety issues caused by foodborne pathogens, chemical pollutants, and heavy metals have aroused widespread concern because they are closely related to human health. Nanozyme-based biosensors have excellent characteristics such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness and have been used to detect the risk factors in foods. In this work, the common detection methods for pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, heavy metals, pesticide residues, veterinary drugs, and illegal additives are firstly reviewed.

Physiology and Transcriptional Analysis of ppGpp-Related Regulatory Effects in Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628.

ppGpp is a ubiquitous small nucleotide messenger that mediates cellular self-protective responses under environmental stress. However, the mechanisms of ppGpp that control transcription and other metabolic processes depend on the species, and ppGpp regulates the same process via different mechanisms. The level of ppGpp is regulated by RelA/SpoT homolog (RSH) enzymes that synthesize and hydrolyze the alarmone.

Label-Free Microchannel Immunosensor Based on Antibody-Antigen Biorecognition-Induced Charge Quenching.

Pursuing convenient operations and precise testing have become an urgent requirement in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Label-free detection is desirable for obviating the labeling process while maintaining high sensitivity and efficiency. Here, we used the dual properties of highly selective antibody-antigen recognition and potential signaling of biomolecules to construct a label-free electroosmotic flow-driven microchannel (LF-EMB) biosensor based on an antibody-antigen biorecognition-induced charge quenching theory proposed herein.

Semi-rational engineering membrane binding domain of L-amino acid deaminase from for enhanced α-ketoisocaproate.

α-Keto acids are important raw materials for pharmaceuticals and functional foods, which could be produced from cheap feed stock by whole cell biocatalysts containing L-amino acid deaminases (L-AADs). However, the production capacity is limited by the low activity of L-AADs. The L-AAD mediated redox reaction employs the electron transport chain to transfer electrons from the reduced FADH to O, implying that the interaction between L-AAD and the cell membrane affects its catalytic activity.