[Application of Three Dimensional Confocal Micro X-Ray Fluorescence Technology Based on Polycapillary X-Ray Lens in Analysis of Rock and Mineral Samples].

Confocal three dimensional (3D) micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer based on a polycapillary focusing X-ray lens (PFXRL) in the excitation channel and a polycapillary parallel X-ray lens (PPXRL) in the detection channel was developed. The PFXRL and PPXRL were placed in a confocal configuration. This was helpful in improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the XRF spectra, and accordingly lowered the detection limitation of the XRF technology.

Application of confocal X-ray fluorescence micro-spectroscopy to the investigation of paint layers.

A confocal micro X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) spectrometer based on polycapillary X-ray optics was used for the identification of paint layers. The performance of the confocal MXRF was studied. Multilayered paint fragments of a car were analyzed nondestructively to demonstrate that this confocal MXRF instrument could be used in the discrimination of the various layers in multilayer paint systems.

In-situ and elementally resolved determination of the thickness uniformity of multi-ply films by confocal micro XRF.

Confocal micro X-ray fluorescence (CM-XRF) with quasi-monochromatic excitation based on polycapillary X-ray optics was used to measure the thickness of multi-ply films. The relative errors of measuring an Fe film with a thickness of 16.3 μm and a Cu film with a thickness of 24.

[Application of confocal micro-beam X-ray fluorescence in nondestructive scanning analysis of the distribution of elements in a single hair].

The confocal micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) based on polycapillary X-ray lens and conventional X-ray source was used to carry out the scanning analysis of the distribution of the elements in a single hair. The elemental distribution in the single hair was obtained. In the confocal micro XRF technology, the output focal spot of the polycapillary focusing X-ray lens and the input focal spot of the polycapillary parallel X-ray lens were adjusted confocally.

Spatially resolved in situ measurements of the ion distribution near the surface of electrode in a steady-state diffusion in an electrolytic tank with confocal micro X-ray fluorescence.

Confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) technology based on a polycapillary focusing X-ray lens and a polycapillary parallel X-ray lens was used to carry out element-resolved and in situ analysis of ion distribution near the surface of the electrode in a steady-state diffusion in an electrolytic tank. The standard curve of the Cu Kα fluorescence intensity corresponding to the concentration of CuCl2 was measured to quantitatively determine the ion distribution near the surface of the electrode in a steady-state diffusion. The distribution of the electrolytic ions around the surface of the electrode in the electrolytic tank was measured in situ, and the effects of the concentration of the electrolyte and the bath voltage on the shape of the layer with a nonuniform distribution of the Cu(2+) ions near the cathode surface in a steady state were analyzed with the confocal MXRF.

[Application of confocal technology based on polycapillary X-ray lens in measuring thickness].

A confocal micro X-ray fluorescence thickness gauge based on a polycapillary focusing X-ray lens, a polycapillary parallel X-ray lens and a laboratory X-ray source was designed in order to analyze nondestructively the thickness of thin film and cladding material. The performances of this confocal thickness gauge were studied. Two Ni films with a thickness of about 25 and 15 microm respectively were measured.

Focusing synchrotron radiation using a polycapillary half-focusing X-ray lens for imaging.

An imaging system based on a polycapillary half-focusing X-ray lens (PHFXRL) and synchrotron radiation source has been designed. The focal spot size and the gain in power density of the PHFXRL were 22 microm (FWHM) and 4648, respectively, at 14.0 keV.

Photochemistry and electron-transfer mechanism of transition metal oxalato complexes excited in the charge transfer band.

The photoredox reaction of trisoxalato cobaltate (III) has been studied by means of ultrafast extended x-ray absorption fine structure and optical transient spectroscopy after excitation in the charge-transfer band with 267-nm femtosecond pulses. The Co-O transient bond length changes and the optical spectra and kinetics have been measured and compared with those of ferrioxalate. Data presented here strongly suggest that both of these metal oxalato complexes operate under similar photoredox reaction mechanisms where the primary reaction involves the dissociation of a metal-oxygen bond.

Transient structures and kinetics of the ferrioxalate redox reaction studied by time-resolved EXAFS, optical spectroscopy, and DFT.

The photoredox reaction transients of ferrioxalate in water have been studied by means of time-resolved EXAFS and ultrafast optical transient spectroscopy. The transient spectra and kinetics have been measured from the femtosecond to millisecond range, and the Fe-O bond lengths of the ferrioxalate redox reaction transients have been determined with 2 ps time resolution and 0.04 A accuracy.