First Report of 16SrII Group Related Phytoplasma Associated with Witches'-broom Disease on Cowpea () in Hainan Province, China.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), a significant vegetable crop in China, holds particular prominence in the tropical island of Hainan. This region serves as the primary production area for the winter cultivation of cowpea.

Parasitism, emergence, and development of Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in pupae of different ages of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae).

The wasp Spalangia endius Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a major parasitoid of the pupae of fruit flies, which are a common agricultural pest. An understanding of this intricate host-parasitoid interaction could provide basic information necessary for the sustainable integrated biological control of fruit flies. In this study, we investigated the effect of S.