Advances in NK cell production.

Immunotherapy based on natural killer (NK) cells is a promising approach for treating a variety of cancers. Unlike T cells, NK cells recognize target cells via a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent mechanism and, without being sensitized, kill the cells directly. Several strategies for obtaining large quantities of NK cells with high purity and high cytotoxicity have been developed.

Papineau technique combined with vacuum-assisted closure for open tibial fractures: clinical outcomes at five years.

Purpose: Treatment of open tibial fractures with soft tissue and segmental bone defects is difficult. This study reports our results for treating these injuries with a combination of Papineau open bone grafting and vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAC).

Methods: The records of 19 patients with open tibial fractures with soft tissue and segmental bone defects treated with bone grafting and VAC from 2004 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.