Differential Neurogenesis Status Among Achalasia Subtypes.

Backgrounds And Aims: Achalasia is an acquired esophageal neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by selective loss of inhibitory neurons in the myenteric plexus of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The Enteric neural precursor cell (ENPC) is essential in maintaining neurogenesis, but its role in achalasia pathogenesis is unknown. This study aimed to explore the neurogenesis status in the LES among achalasia patients.

PCT/ALB Ratio in Initial Three days for the Prediction of Secondary Infection in Septic Patients.

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) to albumin (ALB) ratio (PAR) in initial three days is a rapidly available indicator to assess the prognosis of patients with sepsis. This study aims to explore the correlation between changes in PAR during the initial 72 hours and the incidence of secondary infections.

Methods: A total of 147 patients with sepsis were included in this study.

RecNet: advanced encoder-decoder architecture for SHG-FROG pulse reconstruction with enhanced noise immunity and convergence.

This paper presents RecNet, an innovative convolutional neural network designed for reconstructing cecond harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG-FROG) traces. Unlike conventional approaches, RecNet incorporates noiseless sample constraints through a domain knowledge embedded loss function, enhancing the network's robustness to noise and interpretability. The encoder-decoder architecture is intentionally selected to match the dimensions of the trace diagram with intermediate representations, facilitating the effective application of these constraints.

Esophageal microbial dysbiosis impairs mucosal barrier integrity via toll-like receptor 2 pathway in patients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.

Background: Previous research on the lower gastrointestinal tract has proved that microbial dysbiosis can lead to intestinal barrier dysfunction and enhanced visceral sensitivity, thus triggering bowel symptoms. Whether esophageal microbial dysbiosis also contributes to the development of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms, which are known to be associated with impaired esophageal barrier integrity, remains to be explored.

Methods: Patients with GER symptoms (gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD] and functional esophageal disorders [FED]), duodenal ulcer patients and healthy controls were prospectively included for esophageal microbial analysis.

Effect of the estimation result of the degree of polarization of target light on clear imaging.

Previous underwater imaging methods have not developed a clear idea of estimating the degree of polarization of target light (Pobj). To address this issue, this Letter answers the question of how the estimation result of Pobj affects clear imaging. First, the theoretical derivation states that Pobj is simply a scale modulation factor of the imaging result.

Irradiance-tailoring integral-illumination polarization homogenizer based on anamorphic aspheric microlens arrays.

In the realm of active polarization detection systems, the imperative for polarization illumination systems with high-uniformity and predefined-shape irradiance distribution is evident. This paper introduces a novel anamorphic aspheric (AAS) microlens array (MLA) integral polarization homogenizer, incorporating projection MLA (PMLA), condenser MLA (CMLA), polarization film (PF), and a sub-image array (SIA) mask based on Kohler illumination principles. Firstly, the optimal design of an AAS-based projection sub-lens is proposed to facilitate the creation of a short-working-distance, predefined-geometric and sharp polarization irradiance tailoring.

Expression of concern: Surface modification engineering of two-dimensional titanium carbide for efficient synergistic multitherapy of breast cancer.

Expression of concern for 'Surface modification engineering of two-dimensional titanium carbide for efficient synergistic multitherapy of breast cancer' by Lei Bai , , 2020, , 6402-6417, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB01084G.

Photoinduced carrier transfer dynamics in a monolayer MoS/PbS quantum dots heterostructure.

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has been proven to be a candidate in photodetectors, and MoS/lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) heterostructure has been used to expand the optical response wavelength of MoS. Time-resolved pump-probe transient absorption measurements are performed to clarify the carrier transfer dynamics in the MoS/PbS heterostructure. By comparing the carrier dynamics in MoS and MoS/PbS under different pump wavelengths, we found that the excited electrons in PbS QDs can transfer rapidly (<100 fs) to MoS, inducing its optical response in the near-infrared region, although the pump light energy is lower than the bandgap of MoS.

Fiber Bragg gratings fabricated in fibers with different geometries by femtosecond laser written through the coating and their applications in strain sensing and fiber laser.

Applications of the type-I fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) written through the coating (TTC) in strain sensing and tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber lasers were demonstrated. We reported the principle of selecting the distance between the fiber and the phase mask when writing type-I TTC FBGs. Type-I TTC FBGs written in commercially available acrylate-coated fibers with various geometries and their strain responses were demonstrated.

Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of High-Linearity Liquid Metal-Based Flexible Strain Sensor.

Liquid metal (LM) is widely used in flexible electronic devices due to its excellent metallic conductivity and ductility. However, the fabrication of LM flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and linearity is still a huge challenge, since the resistance of LM does not change much with strain. Here, a highly sensitive and linear fully flexible strain sensor with a resistive sensing function is proposed.

Exceptional Stability against Water, UV Light, and Heat for CsPbBr@Pb-MOF Composites.

All-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have been widely applied in optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties. However, poor stability upon exposure to water, UV light or heat strongly limits their practical application. Herein, CsPbBr@Pb-MOF composites with exceptional stability against water, UV light, and heat are synthesized by ultrasonic processing the precursors of lead-based MOF (Pb-MOF), oleylammonium bromide (OAmBr) and cesium oleate (Cs-OA) solutions at room temperature.

Linewidth compression of a single longitudinal mode ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on femtosecond laser fabricated fiber Bragg gratings.

We demonstrate a single longitudinal mode distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) fiber laser by directly fabricating fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) on an ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) using a femtosecond laser. A simple optical self-injection feedback method was used to effectively compress the linewidth and reduce relative intensity noise (RIN) of a single longitudinal mode DBR fiber laser. Further, we investigated the effect of self-injection feedback cavity length and reflectivity on linewidth compression and determined that the linewidth tends to decrease with the increase of the external cavity photon lifetime.

Underwater dynamic polarization imaging without dependence on the background region.

Active-polarization imaging holds significant promise for achieving clear underwater vision. However, only static targets were considered in previous studies, and a background region was required for image restoration. To address these issues, this study proposes an underwater dynamic polarization imaging method based on image pyramid decomposition and reconstruction.

Sub-diffraction limited nanogroove fabrication of 30 nm features on diamond films using 800 nm femtosecond laser irradiation.

By controlling the 800 nm fs laser energy and applying an isopropyl alcohol environment, controlled sub-diffraction limited lithography with a characteristic structure of approximately 30 nm was achieved on the surface of diamond films, and diamond gratings with a period of 200 nm were fabricated. The fabrication of single grooves with a feature size of 30 nm demonstrates the potential for patterning periodic or nonperiodic structures, and the fabrication of 200 nm periodic grating structures demonstrates the ability of the technique to withstand laser proximity effects. This enhances the technology of diamond film nanofabrication and broadens its potential applications in areas such as optoelectronics and biology.

Energy transfer enhanced photoluminescence of 2D/3D CsPbBr3 hybrid assemblies.

Energy transfer has been proven to be an effective method to optimize optoelectronic conversion efficiency by improving light absorption and mitigating nonradiative losses. We prepared 2D/3D CsPbBr3 hybrid assemblies at different reaction temperatures using the hot injection method and found that the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of these hybrids were greatly enhanced from 53.4% to 72.

Determination of the refractive-index change in the excited state based on transient absorption microscopy.

Photoinduced excited-state carriers can affect both the absorption coefficient and refractive index of materials and influence the performance of photoelectric devices. Femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is usually used to detect carrier dynamics and excited-state absorption coefficients; however, measurements of transient refractive-index change are still difficult. We propose a method for determining the excited-state refractive-index change using TA microscopy.

A novel twin-grasper assisted mucosal inverted closure technique for closing large artificial gastric mucosal defects.

Background: Large artificial gastric mucosal defects are always left unclosed for natural healing due to technique difficulties in closure. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new Twin-grasper Assisted Mucosal Inverted Closure (TAMIC) technique in closing large artificial gastric mucosal defects.

Methods: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed in fifteen pigs to create large gastric mucosal defects.

Fabrication of a flexible stretchable hydrogel-based antenna using a femtosecond laser for miniaturization.

We demonstrated a new method of fabricating a stretchable antenna by injecting liquid metal (LM) into a femtosecond-laser-ablated embedded hydrogel microchannel, and realized miniaturization of a stretchable dipole antenna based on hydrogel substrate. Firstly, symmetrical microchannels with two equal and linear branches were formed by a femtosecond laser in the middle of a hydrogel substrate, and then were filled with LM by use of a syringe needle. Using this method, a stretchable LM-dipole antenna with each dimension of  24 mm × 0.

Visualization of Hot Carrier Dynamics in a Single CsPbBr Perovskite Microplate Using Femtosecond Kerr-Gated Wide-Field Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have excellent semiconductor properties. They have been used in many applications such as solar cells. Recently, the hot carrier dynamics in this type of material have received much attention as they are useful for enhancing the performance of optoelectrical devices fabricated from it.

Development and Validation of Serum Markers as Noninvasive Diagnostic Methods for Achalasia.

Introduction: Currently, the diagnosis of achalasia mainly relies on invasive or radioactive examinations. This study aimed to develop a noninvasive diagnostic method for achalasia based on specific serum markers.

Methods: Serum levels of profilin-1, galectin-10, immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-9, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, and transgelin-2 were measured in patients with achalasia and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Two-component polymer sorting to obtain high-purity s-SWCNTs for all-carbon photodetectors.

The advancement of carbon-based electronics is reliant on the development of semiconducting carbon nanotubes with high purity and yield. We developed a new extraction strategy to efficiently sort SWCNTs with superior yields and purity. The approach uses two polymers, poly[N-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazol-2,7-diyl](PCz) and poly(9,9-n-dihexyl-2,7-fluorene-alt-9-phenyl-3,6-carbazole)(PDFP), and two sonication processes to eliminate surface polymer contamination.