Scaling laws for high energy Gaussian beams propagation through the atmosphere.

In order to meet the requirements of rapid evaluation of high-energy lasers for practical applications, this paper constructs scaling laws for Gaussian beams propagation through the atmosphere. Firstly, the beam spreading due to single effects including diffraction, optical turbulence and thermal blooming is scaled to identify suitable scaling factors. Then, the scaling functions of the effective radius with multi-effect interaction are established step by step, and the scaling exponents are fixed by genetic algorithm.

Cholecystokinin regulates atrial natriuretic peptide secretion through activation of NOX4-Sirt1-LEF1 signaling in beating rat hypoxic atria.

The mammalian cardiac myocytes not only synthesize and secrete atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), but also express cholecystokinin (CCK) and its receptors (CCKR and CCKR). However, atrial CCK expression patterns and its effects on ANP secretion during hypoxia are unclear. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the expression levels of CCK and its receptors, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved in regulating hypoxia-induced ANP secretion in isolated beating atria.

A Rechargeable Urea-Assisted Zn-Air Battery With High Energy Efficiency and Fast-Charging Enabled by Engineering High-Energy Interfacial Structures.

Electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers a promising alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in clean energy conversion and storage systems. Nickel-based catalysts are regarded as highly promising electrocatalysts for the UOR. However, their effectiveness is significantly hindered by the unavoidable self-oxidation reaction of nickel species during UOR.

Oxygen-bridging Fe, Co dual-metal dimers boost reversible oxygen electrocatalysis for rechargeable Zn-air batteries.

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are regarded as a remarkably promising alternative to current lithium-ion batteries, addressing the requirements for large-scale high-energy storage. Nevertheless, the sluggish kinetics involving oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) hamper the widespread application of ZABs, necessitating the development of high-efficiency and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts. Here, we report oxygen atom-bridged Fe, Co dual-metal dimers (FeOCo-SAD), in which the active site Fe-O-Co-N moiety boosts exceptional reversible activity toward ORR and OER in alkaline electrolytes.

Linker Mediated Electronic-State Manipulation of Conjugated Organic Polymers Enabling Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction.

Conjugated polymers with tailorable composition and microarchitecture are propitious for modulating catalytic properties and deciphering inherent structure-performance relationships. Herein, we report a facile linker engineering strategy to manipulate the electronic states of metallophthalocyanine conjugated polymers and uncover the vital role of organic linkers in facilitating electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Specifically, a set of cobalt phthalocyanine conjugated polymers (CoPc-CPs) wrapped onto carbon nanotubes (denoted CNTs@CoPc-CPs) are judiciously crafted via in situ assembling square-planar cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoPc(NH)) with different linear aromatic dialdehyde-based organic linkers in the presence of CNTs.

Se Alleviated Pb-Caused Neurotoxicity in Chickens: --GSH-/-NO Pathway, Selenoprotein Suppression, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Injury.

Lead (Pb), a heavy metal environmental pollutant, poses a threat to the health of humans and birds. Inflammation is one of the most common pathological phenomena in the case of illness and poisoning. However, the underlying mechanisms of inflammation remain unclear.

An enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction by the photothermal effect and its induced micro-electric field.

Promoting better thermodynamics and kinetics of electrocatalysts is key to achieving an efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Utilizing the photothermal effect and micro-electric field of electrocatalysts is a promising approach to promote the sluggish OER. Herein, to reveal the relationship of the photothermal effect and its induced micro-electric field with OER performance, NiS coupled NiFe(OH) on nickel foam (NiS@NiFe(OH)/NF) is synthesized and subjected to the OER under near-infrared (NIR) light.

Engineering Fe-N Electronic Structure with Adjacent Co-NC and Co Nanoclusters on Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis.

Regulating the local configuration of atomically dispersed transition-metal atom catalysts is the key to oxygen electrocatalysis performance enhancement. Unlike the previously reported single-atom or dual-atom configurations, we designed a new type of binary-atom catalyst, through engineering Fe-N electronic structure with adjacent Co-NC and nitrogen-coordinated Co nanoclusters, as oxygen electrocatalysts. The resultant optimized electronic structure of the Fe-N active center favors the binding capability of intermediates and enhances oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in both alkaline and acid conditions.

Atomically Dispersed FeN P Motif with High Activity and Stability for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Over the Entire pH Range.

The past decade has witnessed the great potential of Fe-based single-atom electrocatalysis in catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, it remains a grand challenge to substantially improve their intrinsic activity and long-term stability in acidic electrolytes. Herein, we report a facile chemical vapor deposition strategy, by which high-density Fe atoms (3.

The WNT/Ca pathway promotes atrial natriuretic peptide secretion by activating protein kinase C/transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1/activating transcription factor 2 signaling in isolated beating rat atria.

WNT signaling plays an important role in cardiac development, but abnormal activity is often associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, remodeling, and heart failure. The effect of WNT signaling on regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Wnt agonist 1 (Wnta1) on ANP secretion and mechanical dynamics in beating rat atria.

Cholecystokinin Octapeptide Promotes ANP Secretion through Activation of NOX4-PGC-1-PPAR/PPAR Signaling in Isolated Beating Rat Atria.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a canonical cardiac hormone, is mainly secreted from atrial myocytes and is involved in the regulation of body fluid, blood pressure homeostasis, and antioxidants. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is also found in cardiomyocytes as a novel cardiac hormone and induces multiple cardiovascular regulations. However, the direct role of CCK on the atrial mechanical dynamics and ANP secretion is unclear.

NOX4 stimulates ANF secretion via activation of the Sirt1/Nrf2/ATF3/4 axis in hypoxic beating rat atria.

Silent information regulator factor 2‑related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) is involved in the regulation of cell senescence, gene transcription, energy balance and oxidative stress. However, the effect of Sirt1 on atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) secretion, especially under hypoxic conditions is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Sirt1, regulated by NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), on ANF secretion in isolated beating rat atria during hypoxia.

The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein suppresses hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide secretion mediated by the PI3K/Akt-HIF-1α pathway in isolated beating rat atria.

Genistein, an isoflavonoid that can inhibit protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) phosphorylation, has been shown to play pivotal roles in the signal transduction pathways of hypoxic disorders. In this study, we established a rat model of isolated beating atrium and investigated the regulator role of genistein and its downstream signaling pathways in acute hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion. Radioimmunoassay was used to detect the ANP content in the atrial perfusates.

Recent advances in activating surface reconstruction for the high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction.

A climax in the development of cost-effective and high-efficiency transition metal-based electrocatalysts has been witnessed recently for sustainable energy and related conversion technologies. In this regard, structure-activity relationships based on several descriptors have already been proposed to rationally design electrocatalysts. However, the dynamic reconstruction of the surface structures and compositions of catalysts during electrocatalytic water oxidation, especially during the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), complicate the streamlined prediction of the catalytic activity.

Src-IL-18 signaling regulates the secretion of atrial natriuretic factor in hypoxic beating rat atria.

Background: Interleukin (IL)-18 is produced mainly in the heart and can be associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy that leads to cardiac dysfunction. However, the effects of hypoxia on IL-18 expression and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) secretion remain largely unknown.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hypoxia on IL-18 production and its role in ANF secretion by using an isolated perfused beating rat atrial model.

Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals Causal Effects of the Human Gut Microbiota on Abdominal Obesity.

Background: Although recent studies have revealed an association between the composition of the gut microbiota and obesity, whether specific gut microbiota cause obesity has not been determined.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the causal relationship between specific gut microbiota and abdominal obesity. Based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, we performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate whether the gut microbiota affects abdominal obesity.

The novel ginsenoside AD2 prevents angiotensin II-induced connexin 40 and connexin 43 dysregulation by activating AMP kinase signaling in perfused beating rat atria.

Connexin-40 (Cx40) and Cx43 are the principal components of gap junctions. Dysregulation of connexin expression is clinically related to cardiac pathologies. 25-Hydroxy protopanaxadiol [25-OH-PPD, 20 (R)-dammarane-3β, 12β, 20, 25-tetrol], known as AD2, is a novel protopanaxadiol extracted from Panax ginseng that exhibits many pharmacological activities, but its effects on cardiac gap junctions are poorly understood.

NOX4/Src regulates ANP secretion through activating ERK1/2 and Akt/GATA4 signaling in beating rat hypoxic atria.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOXs) are the major enzymatic source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX2 and NOX4 are expressed in the heart but its role in hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is unclear. This study investigated the effect of NOX on ANP secretion induced by hypoxia in isolated beating rat atria.

unraveling photothermal-promoted dynamic active-sites generation in NiFeO for markedly enhanced oxygen evolution.

The ability to develop highly active and low-cost electrocatalysts represents an important endeavor toward accelerating sluggish water-oxidation kinetics. Herein, we report the implementation and unraveling of the photothermal effect of spinel nanoparticles (NPs) on promoting dynamic active-sites generation to markedly enhance their oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity via an integrated Raman and density functional theory (DFT) study. Specifically, NiFeO (NFO) NPs are first synthesized by capitalizing on amphiphilic star-like diblock copolymers as nanoreactors.

Hydrothermally self-templated synthesis of rectangular polyimide submicrotubes and promising potentials in electrochemical energy storage.

An unconventional hydrothermal polycondensation of monomer salt crystals was readily performed to produce rectangular-shape amorphous polyimide submicrotubes, which show promising potentials in serving as both cathode and anode active materials for Li-ion batteries as well as being transformed into N-doped carbon tubes for supercapacitor electrodes.

Unconventional Route to Oxygen-Vacancy-Enabled Highly Efficient Electron Extraction and Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells.

The ability to effectively transfer photoexcited electrons and holes is an important endeavor toward achieving high-efficiency solar energy conversion. Now, a simple yet robust acid-treatment strategy is used to judiciously create an amorphous TiO buffer layer intimately situated on the anatase TiO surface as an electron-transport layer (ETL) for efficient electron transport. The facile acid treatment is capable of weakening the bonding of zigzag octahedral chains in anatase TiO , thereby shortening staggered octahedron chains to form an amorphous buffer layer on the anatase TiO surface.